Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a serious chronic disease. Self-management strategies help persons with DM make choices which will develop skills needed to reach their goal of blood glucose control and allow them to be successful in reaching goals. Objective To examine the impact of self-management activities on HbA1c for persons with DM and to examine the impact of social support, self-efficacy and Buddhist values as moderators on the relationship between the self-management activities and HbA1c. Method This study is a cross-sectional design. The sample included 401 Thai adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, aged 20–65 years old who had at least one HbA1c test in the last three months were recruited. Participants completed four questionnaires to measure self-management activities, as well as self-efficacy, Buddhist values and social support as moderating factors on self-management activities and HbA1c. Results The self-management activities were negatively associated (β = −2.05, p ≤ 0.001) with HbA1c. The Social support, self-efficacy and Buddhist values had a significant interaction effect between selfmanagement activities and HbA1c (β = −0.97, p ≤ 0.05, β = −0.18, p ≤ 0.05 and β = −2.76, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion The diabetes self-management activities were more strongly associated with HbA1c under conditions of high social support, self-efficacy and health beliefs with Buddhist values. Future interventions for T2DM self-management programs should incorporate mechanisms to measure and support these factors.

Objectives To explore the content validity and the internal consistency of the diabetes Self-management Questionnaire (DSMQ) for persons with T2DM in Thailand. Methods Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire (DSMQ) was developed in English. The translation of DSMQ into Thai language was performed by native Thai translators. A panel of five experts in Thailand evaluated the translation. Content validity was quantified by the content validity index (CVI). A cross-sectional design was used to test internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Results The DSMQ contains 16 items. There are eleven items (69%) which showed excellent CVI; two items (12.5%) showed good CVI and three items showed acceptable CVI. The average scale of CVI was 0.90. The internal consistency of the DSMQ was 0.73. Conclusion The Thai version of DSMQ showed excellent content validity; good internal consistency. The instruments can be used among Thai adults with DM in future research studies.

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Background: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016 identified and further classified Diabetes Mellitus as one of the chronic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity, and considered a major health problem in the Asia Pacific. Hence the quality of life as the optimum goal of any person is only achieved through appropriate self-care management. The person is a major key player of the nursing paradigm plays a crucial task in self-care since his/her responsibility is to assure balance between behavioral and environmental dynamics.Objective: To examine the self-management behaviors of clients medically diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus and evaluate the correlation between self-management behaviors and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Methods: The study utilized the validated Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) tool to 600 adults from the lower district of Khong Khlong, Kamphaengphet, Thailand. Through descriptive design, the investigation focused on major behavioral categories such as glucose management, physical activity, health care use and dietary control on at-risk stroke clients with DM aging 35 years old and above. Respondents with absolute complications of Diabetes Mellitus like stroke, blindness, undergoing dialysis even amputation are excluded to participate.Results: The findings revealed that most clients with DM are married female, ages 51-60 years old and is diagnosed of living with the disease for 6-10 years. Further, the respondents are generally aware on self-management activities for DM, however not all of them submitted for glucose monitoring program. On one hand, the respondents have high regard on controlling dietary intake to avoid the increase of blood glucose during scheduled tests while results also show that most of the respondents are having poor engagement on physical activities.Conclusion: It is concluded that self- management behaviors are strongly associated with HbA1c. Nonpharmacologic and identified independent nursing actions proven to aid clients with diabetes mellitus should be advocated in combating the disease.