Forest harvest is the first activity to undertake in extracting logs from the forest site. The amount of wood wastes generated during logging operation can be used for measuring the value of exploitation factor (FE as multiplying factor in determining annual allocation of wood production (JPT) and as a basic parameter in predicting earn business provision of natural forest (PSDH). Ecological aspects may interprete that the bigger FE value will bring about reduction of forest damages. This paper examines the FE in Sub-Region of East Kalimantan. Results show that the proper FE value for the East Kalimantan Province is ranged between 0.77 -0.89. The amount of FE value is more influenced by factor of feller skills than the management competence factor of IUPHHKHA. Keywords: Exploitation factor, natural forests, reduced impact logging, Sub-Region East Kalimantan ABSTRAKDalam pemanfaatan kayu, pemanenan hutan merupakan tahap kegiatan utama yang dilakukan agar potensi pohon dapat dikeluarkan dari dalam hutan. Banyak atau sedikitnya limbah yang terjadi selama proses pemanenan kayu dapat dijadikan tolok ukur faktor eksploitasi (FE). Selama ini, pemerintah menetapkan angka FE sebesar 0,7. Padahal, paradigma pengelolaan hutan alam sudah semakin baik dengan diterapkannya pembalakan berdampak rendah (reduced impact logging/ RIL) dan/atau berdampak rendah karbon (RIL-C). Dilihat dari aspek ekonomis, nilai FE mempunyai peranan sangat penting karena digunakan sebagai pengali dalam menentukan jatah produksi tahunan (JPT) dan sebagai dasar dalam prediksi penerimaan besarnya provisi sumberdaya hutan (PSDH). Pada aspek ekologis, penetapan nilai FE yang lebih besar dapat mengurangi terjadinya kerusakan hutan. Tulisan ini mengevaluasi nilai FE di Sub Region Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya bilangan FE di lima IUPHHK-HA di Kalimantan Timur berkisar antara 0,77 -0,89. Besar kecilnya bilangan FE lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor keterampilan penebang dibandingkan dengan faktor kompetensi manajemen IUPHHK-HA.Kata kunci: Faktor eksploitasi, hutan alam, pembalakan berdampak rendah, Sub Region Kalimantan Timur 335

Tropical peatlands provides very important functions that are vitally linked to conservation issues, especially carbon storage and sequestration, which influence global climate change. These peatlands, however, are also subject to various land use pressures including active forestry development, agricultural drainage, energy, and horticultural uses. A research on peat swamp forest biomass and biodiversity has been carried out within several land cover types, namely relatively good peat swamp forest, logged over area, and ex-fire area. Destructive methods were employed within 10 x 10 m 2 plots established within study area with 3 replications. Samples of each organ such as trunk, branch, twigs, and leaves were taken for water content analysis. The results show that there is a significant difference in above ground biomass between the good relatively peat swamp forest, logged over area, and ex-fire area. The average amount of the above ground biomass was between 400 and 900 tonnes/ha for natural peat swamp forest, from 240 to 400 tonnes/ha for logged over area, from 210 to 460 tonnes/ha for an ex-fire 1997 area, and between 15 and 21 tonnes/ha for twice affected area by fire.

Improper tree felling techniques may reduce productivity and log supply. This leads to an increase in production cost. Timber Utilization Efficiency (TUE) in natural forests has not been optimally implemented, thus leaving residual stands with tremendous damages. This study was carried out in late 2015 in PT Inhutani II, North Kalimantan to investigate the implementation of felling techniques and to analyze felling productivity, TUE, production cost, and residual stands damage. Productivity, felling cost, and TUE data were tabulated and averaged. Results revealed that: (1) tree felling techniques implemented on the site were the reduced impact logging (RIL) technique; (2) the average felling productivity and production cost were 38.308 m3/hour and IDR 13, 935.10/m3, respectively; (3) the average TUE was 92%, with only 8% generated-wastes; and (4) the average destruction of residual stands was 13.54%, which comprised of canopy damage, broken/cracked, stem injury, and leaning.