Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2) as a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs. It is indicated for treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycaemic agents. The aim of this review is to focus on update of determination of Dapagliflozin in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Dapagliflozin is estimated by RP-HPLC, UV, RP-UPLC, LC-MS methods. This review provides detailed information on separation conditions for Dapagliflozin alone, in the presence combination with other drugs and in presence of its degradation products. KEYWORDS Dapagliflozin, RP-HPLC, UV, RP-UPLC, LC-MS/MS. mobile phase with the flow rate of 1 ml/min (milliliter/minute). The effluent was detected at 222 nm (nanometer) using photo diode array detector. The retention time of Dapagliflozin API and Dapagliflozin tablet were 3.160 min (minute) and 3.067 min (minute) respectively. Linearity for Dapagliflozin was established in the range of 50-150µg/ml (microgram/milliliter) (R2 = 0.99) respectively. The % recoveries of Dapagliflozin API and tablet were found to be in the range of 99.00-99.99 % and 98.50-99.99 % respectively. Precision studies were carried out and the relative standard deviation values were less than two. LOD and LOQ were noted to be 5.14 µg/ml and 15.6 µg/ml for API. The method was found to be robust. The proposed method was found to be specific, accurate, precise and robust can be used for estimation of Dapagliflozin in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form. Subrata Sarkar et al. [5] developed and validated a new simple, rapid, efficient and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of Dapagliflozin in Tablet dosage form. The separation was carried on a Symmetry C18, 25cmx 4.6mm i.d. 5μm, Particle size column. Mobile phase was mixture of Methanol: ACN: % OPA in a ratio of 75:25:05 v/v/v at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Dapagliflozin shows maximum absorbance at 246nm. Dapagliflozin was resolved at 2.797minutes. The Dapagliflozin drug was linear in the concentration range of 0-70μg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.99. LOD & (LOQ) were found to be 0.04 & 0.12 μg/ml respectively. The developed method is also found to be simple, precise, accurate, specific, robust and rapid for the estimation of Dapagliflozin in bulk and tablet dosage form. Manasa Sangapati et al. [6] reported an accurate, precise, specific and rapid RP-HPLC method for the determination of Dapagliflozin in API. The method was developed and validated as described in ICH guidelines. Better separation of the drug was performed by BDS column (250×4.5mm, 5μ). Mixture of ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (45:55 v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Eluent was monitored using PDA detector at 245nm. The developed method was validated for different parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of Quantitation (LOQ), robustness. The re...

Voriconazole is a second generation triazole and is the result of a discovery programme aimed at improving the potency and spectrum of Fluconazole. The aim of this review is to focus on update of determination of Voriconazole in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Voriconazole is estimated by RP-HPLC, UV, RP-UPLC, LC-MS methods. This review provides detailed information on separation conditions for Voriconazole alone, in the presence combination with other drugs and in presence of its degradation products.

Tolnaftate has been widely used as a kind of topical antifungal in the treatment of cutaneous disease such as Jock itch, athlete's foot and other skin infections due to, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton species, and Malassezia furfur. The aim of this review to focus on a comprehensive update of chromatography determination of Tolnaftate in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations, tolnaftate preparations are available in powder, cream, ointment, gel, emulgel, Solution and spray. In which has been described using RP-HPLC, LC, HPTLC, UV methods, Indirect Spectrophotometric method, Isocratic Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, Indirect spectroflurometric method. Pharmacopeial methods and Titrimetric methods also studied in this review. This review provides detailed information on separation conditions for Tolnaftate alone, combinations with other drugs and in the presence of its degradation products.

Two new simple, accurate and precise UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Terbinafine and Itraconazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The first method is simultaneous estimation using vierodt's equation where absorption maxima found at 289nm and 282nm for Terbinafine (TER) and Itraconazole (ITZ) respectively. The second method is based on Qmethod / Absorption ratio method using two wavelengths, at 285nm (Isobestic point) and 289nm(λmax for Terbinafine). Two methods follow Beer's linearity in the range of 10-35µg/ml for Terbinafine and 5-30µg/ml for Itraconazole with correlation coefficient r 2 of 0.999 and 0.999 for Terbinafine and Itraconazole,(method 1); 0.999, 0.999 for Terbinafine and 0.999, 0.999 for Itraconazole(method 2). All LOD, LOQ, %RSD are less than 2.According to ICH norms the parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, robustness and ruggedness were studied. The proposed methods were simple, cost effective and were successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in quality control of combined pharmaceutical dosage.