Thiazolidinone is a biologically important five‐membered heterocyclic ring having almost all types of biological activities. This review covers various types of thiazolidinones, such as 2‐thiazolidinones, 4‐thiazolidinones, 5‐thiazolidinones, 2‐thioxo‐4‐thiazolidinones, and thiazolidiene‐2,4‐dione. The literature related to the physical properties, chemical reactions, and synthesis for these derivatives has been included. Recent advances in the biological activities reported for 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ binders, follicle‐stimulating hormone agonists, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitors, and antioxidants, have been covered in this review. Thus, this study may help in further optimizing these thiazolidinone derivatives as more effective drug agents.

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