Research design, which is a plan or framework for conducting an investigatory study, engrosses the ways for collecting and analyzing data. It is circumspectly planned in advance as it influences the quality and validity of the research outcomes. There are broadly three sorts of research designs, namely quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research designs. Quantitative research designs involve the collection and analysis of numerical data, qualitative research designs include the collection and analysis of non-numerical data, such as words, images, and observations, and mixed methods research designs embrace both qualitative and quantitative data. There are also certain types of research designs under these major research designs, and a researcher normally has to select one of them to carry out his/ her research study. The key objective of this article is to navigate the research landscape and provide a concise guide to the selection of the right research design. This article based on the secondary qualitative data employs books and journal articles as the sources of data. Based on an analysis of some prominent works in the field of research, this article offers an overview of research designs and discusses its main types. It will provide the researchers with a clear guideline to the selection of the right research design.It will assist research neophytes in particular and other researchers in general.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most commonly used parametric tests, such as one sample t-test, dependent samples t-test, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance. A parametric test is a statistical test that assumes the data being analyzed follows a certain probability distribution, typically a normal distribution. A statistical test is a procedure used in statistical analysis to make inferences about a population based on a sample of data. It covers the basics of statistical analysis, including the assumptions of parametric tests and how to check for these assumptions. It includes the access to use SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software to perform the tests, with detailed demonstration of outcomes and the ways of reporting them briefly. It is prepared on the basis of the secondary qualitative data garnered from journal articles, books, and web site materials. It is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals who want to improve their statistical analysis skills and gain proficiency in executing analyses by using SPSS in their research in the social sciences, psychology, and other related fields.