We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation in a helium atom with a two-color optical field synthesized by an intense 6 fs pulse at 800 nm and a relatively weak 21.3 fs pulse at 400 nm. When the frequency-doubled pulse is properly time shifted with respect to the fundamental pulse, an ultrabroad extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum spectrum with a 148 eV spectral width can be generated which directly creates an isolated 65 as pulse even without phase compensation. We explain this extraordinary phenomenon by analyzing maximum electron kinetic energies at different return times.
The naturally occurring water has frequency dispersive permittivity at microwave frequencies and thus is a promising constituent material for broadband absorbers. Here, we develop water as the dielectric spacer in the substrate of metal-backed metamaterial (MM) absorbers. The designed substrate is a hybrid of water and a low-permittivity dielectric material. Such a design allows tight packaging of water and easy fabrication of the absorber. We obtain broadband absorption at temperatures of interest by designing the hybrid substrate and MM inclusions. Additionally, the absorption performance of the water-substrate MM absorbers could be tunable according to the environment temperature. We experimentally demonstrate the broadband and thermally tunable absorption performance. We expect that water could replace dielectric layers in other structural MM absorbers to achieve the broadband and thermally tunable absorption performance.
We theoretically investigate carrier-envelope phase dependence of few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse propagation in a polar molecule medium. Our results show that a soliton pulse can be generated during the two-photon resonant propagation of few-cycle pulse in the polar molecule medium. Moreover, the main features of the soliton pulse, such as pulse duration and intensity, depend crucially on the carrier-envelope phase of the incident pulse, which could be utilized to determine the carrier-envelope phase of a few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse from a mode-locked oscillator.
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