Transgenic Korean rice plants containing the cry1Ab gene were developed for resistance against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, YSB). More than 100 independent transgenic lines from three Korean varieties (P-I, P-II and P-III) were generated. The amount of Cry1Ab in transgenic T 0 plants was as high as 2.88% of total soluble proteins. These levels were suYcient to cause 100% mortality of YSB larvae. The majority of T 1 transgenic lines originated from the varieties P-I and P-II followed a Mendelian fashion of segregation. Deviation from the expected segregation ratio was observed in a small number of the transgenic lines of P-I and P-II origins. However, this deviation was primarily observed in the P-III originated lines. Segregation analysis of the T 1 generation indicated that 1-3 copies of the cry1Ab gene were integrated into the genome of the majority of the transgenic lines originating from varieties P-I and P-II. Stunted and semi-fertile mutants were observed in some transgenic lines. These aberrations were either independent or closely linked to the introduced cry1Ab gene loci in diVerent transgenic lines. Reduction in GUS expression levels and loss of toxicity against YSB larvae were found in some transgenic lines. The transgenic T 3 and T 4 lines causing 100% mortality of third instar YSB larvae in the lab were completely protected in the Weld. Analysis of important yield components on nine selected transgenic lines indicated that stem length, panicle length, grain number per panicle, and seed setting rates were reduced in transgenic plants compared to those in non-transgenic parental rice lines. Number of panicles per cluster, however, was signiWcantly higher in transgenic plants. The numerical value of the average yield was in general greater in the controls than in all the transgenic lines, indicating some 'yield drag'. Since some selected lines were highly resistant to the YSB with good yielding potential, they oVer eVective potential for use in insect resistance management programs.

Graphene oxide coated with a molecularly imprinted sol–gel for mesalazine determination.

Graphene oxide coated with sol-gel was prepared by a one-pot synthesis from phenyltriethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane. The electrochemical behavior of tryptophan on the graphene/silicon oxide modified electrode was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The oxidation peak current of tryptophan in phosphate buffer solution (pH ¼ 7.0) at the modified electrode was linear in the range of 5.0 Â 10 À5 to 2.0 Â 10 À4 mol L À1 (r 2 ¼ 0.998) and 5.0 Â 10 À7 to 5.0 Â 10 À5 mol L À1 (r 2 ¼ 0.985) with a detection limit of 4.95 Â 10 À7 mol L À1 (S/N ¼ 3). The modified electrodes showed good stability and reproducibility. The interference of glucose, ascorbic acid, tyrosine, glycine and cysteine was also studied.