Objectives Peer relationships play a critical role throughout childhood and adolescence. This meta-analysis systematically reviews the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on peer relationships of children and adolescents. Methods We identified 21 relevant studies from 12 databases. The overall intervention effect size was estimated with the pooled standardized mean difference using random-effects models. Moderator analyses were performed to explore the variability in intervention effects. Fidelity data were synthesized narratively. Risk of bias and publication bias were also assessed. Results MBIs showed small positive within-group effects (g = 0.48, 95% CI [0.33, 0.62]) and between-group effects (g = 0.40, 95% CI [0.18, 0.62]) on peer relationships. The effects of MBIs on peer relationships varied significantly by participant age and facilitator background. Conclusions MBIs show promising effects in improving peer relationships among children and adolescents. However, considering the limited evidence currently available, more studies are needed to validate the efficacy of the interventions. Meta-analysis Pre-registration PROSPERO #CRD42021232836

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