Purpose: To determine the role of prophylactic antibiotic use in preventing endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents (anti-VEGF). Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting the rates of endophthalmitis following injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for a variety of disorders. Inclusion criteria included reporting how many patients were given post-injection antibiotic drops, and how many patients were diagnosed with endophthalmitis (both with and without antibiotic drops). Results: The reported rate of endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-VEGF agents has varied significantly based on the study, with a range between 0.009% to 0.87%. In our meta-analysis, the rate of endophthalmitis in patients receiving postinjection antibiotics was found to be 0.081%, compared to 0.072% of patients who did not receive antibiotics. This difference was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the rate of endophthalmitis is extremely low following intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, the controversy regarding the best prevention of this dreaded complication continues. According to our meta-analysis, the answer does not seem to lie in post-injection antibiotic use.

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