BACKGROUND: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogen. Its remarkable ability to develop resistance to a variety of antibiotics makes it a major threat to public health. OBJECTIVES:-To detect the prevalence and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the MRSA isolates. MATERIALS & METHODS:-202 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples like blood, pus, sputum & body fluids were screened for Methicillin resistance by standard disk diffusion method and then confirmed with Oxacillin Screening agar. Antibiotic susceptibility of both the MRSA and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) for other antibiotics was subsequently carried out by standard disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Methicillin resistance was detected in 114 strains of Staphylococcus aureus giving a prevalence rate of 56.44%. More than 80% of the MRSA isolates were resistant to antibiotics such as Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides and Quinolones. All strains were uniformly sensitive to Vancomycin & Linezolid. Coexisting resistance to most of the antibiotics was significantly higher in the MRSA isolates as compared to the MSSA (Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) isolates (p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Multi drug resistance among the MRSA isolates poses a major hurdle in treating systemic infections. Monitoring antibiotic sensitivity pattern, implementing aggressive surveillance measures & good infection control practices would be helpful in reducing the prevalence of MRSA and its multi drug resistance.

Introduction: Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (V.cholerae). Based on antigenic differences of O antigen, O1 serogroup can be divided into three serotypes. In addition, by performing various biochemical reactions, O1 Serogroup can be differentiated into two biotypes. Outbreaks of Cholera occur seasonally. It is associated with monsoon season, warm temperature, heavy rainfall and increased plankton population. Aim: The aim was to determine the trends in resistance pattern and phenotypic Pattern of Vibrio cholerae. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted during the period from June 2019-December 2019. Culture of Stool specimens were done on different agar media. Biotyping was done by conventional methods. Serotyping and phage typing was also done along with the Antibiotic susceptibility testing. Descriptive analysis was used and presented in terms of percentage. Results:V.cholerae was isolated in 72 patients and they belonged to serogroup O1 and biotype El Tor. The most common serotype was Ogawa. The predominant phage type were T2 by old scheme and T27 by new scheme of phage typing. The maximum number of V. cholerae isolates was seen in the month of November, 2019 followed by October, 2019. Conclusion: The phenotypic pattern and fluctuating seasonal trend of V. cholerae and antimicrobial resistance encourage the continued epidemiological and microbiological surveillance of the disease.

Background: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the primary effective vectors for the dengue virus in India. The disease is conveyed through the bite of infected mosquitoes of the Aedes species and is the most quickly expanding vector-borne viral disease globally, putting an increasing number of locations at risk. Methods: We looked at the laboratory surveillance data and reported the percentage of dengue cases that were confirmed in the lab by month, location (urban vs. rural), and individual (age vs. gender) factors. Results: The maximum no. of suspected cases as well as found positive were in the monsoon and post-monsoon period from July to November. The dengue suspected cases were significantly more in the adult age group than in the pediatric age group. More cases were seen in urban areas than the rural areas. Conclusions: Serology confirmed positive dengue cases were maximum in the adult group residing in an urban area in the period of monsoon and post-monsoon period from July to November.