The phishing attack targets the client's email and any other connection medium to illicitly get the user credentials of e-commerce websites, educational websites, banks, credit card information, and other crucial user information. Exploitations caused by different types of cyberattacks result in data loss, identity theft, financial loss, and various other adversaries on both human and infrastructure. Therefore, investigating the threats and vulnerabilities on web applications and analysis of recent cyberattacks on web applications can also provide a holistic scenario about the recent security standpoint. Therefore, in this chapter, phishing attack techniques and their current scenario will be discussed extensively. Moreover, recent phishing techniques will be discussed to understand the severity of this type of attack. Finally, this chapter will outline the proposed and existing countermeasures for protecting users' identities and credentials from the phishing technique.

Internet of things (IoT) is the epitome of sustainable development. It has facilitated the development of smart systems, industrialization, and the state-of-the-art quality of life. IoT architecture is one of the essential baselines of understanding the widespread adoption. Security issues are very crucial for any technical infrastructure. Since IoT comprises heterogeneous devices, its security issues are diverse too. Various security attacks can be responsible for compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In this paper, at first, the IoT architecture is described briefly. After that, the components of IoT are explained with perspective to various IoT based applications and services. Finally, various security issues, including recommended solutions, are elaborately described and the potential research challenges and future research directions.