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Background: Penile rehabilitation after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP) improves the functional outcome, i.e., erectile function and urinary continence. Masturbation as a concept of penile rehabilitation has been practically not investigated. The aim of this observational and explorative study was to evaluate the association between masturbation and the recovery of the functional outcome in patients after nsRP.Methods: Patients after nsRP (11/2013-3/2016) with preoperative International Erectile Function Score-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) of ≥22 and/or Erection Hardness Score (EHS) of ≥3 without neo-or adjuvant therapy were included in this analysis. Patients were classified according to their masturbation behavior (yes: m; no: nm). Chi-square tests were used to test for association between masturbation and functional outcome.The main outcome measures were rates of erectile function, morning erections, and urinary continence 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after nsRP.Results: A total of 250 preoperatively potent patients with median age of 63.8 years (1 st , 3 rd quartile: 59.1, 69.6) at nsRP were included. After 24 months, m-patients had a numerically higher rate of moderate to good erectile function compared to nm-patients (47.5% vs. 37.5%; P=0.193) and had morning erections more often than nm-patients (54.6% vs. 34.9%; P=0.011). Urinary continence rate 12 months after nsRP was higher compared to nm-patients (12 months: 83.1% vs. 70.2%; P=0.042).Conclusions: Masturbation might be a promising approach of both erectile function and urinary continence recovery, and patients could be encouraged to masturbate after nsRP. However, due to the study design, causality cannot be concluded. Thus, masturbation as a possible concept of penile rehabilitation warrants further investigation.