Ključne riječi: narcistična ranjivost, razvod braka, reakcija na stres, povreda samopoštovanja, narcistični poremećaj ličnosti. Maja Ernečić SAŽETAKOsobine ličnosti određuju karakterističan i dosljedan način ponašanja pojedinca, kao i načina reagiranja u stresnim situacijama. Opće je poznato kako je razvod braka jedan od najstresnijih događaja u životu pojedinca. Sposobnost prilagodbe pojedinca ovisi između ostalog i o prisutnosti narcisitičnih osobina ličnosti. Narcistična ranjivost je svojevrstan obrambeni mehanizam koji se aktivira u situacijama intenzivnog stresa izazvanog razvodom braka. To nije sinonim za kliničku dijagnozu narcističnog poremećaja, međutim, ovisno o razini povrede samopoštovanja pojedinca i poteškoća-ma oporavka, može prerasti u patološki narcizam. Narcistična ranjivost označava način na koji će pojedinac reagirati na udarce vezane uz vlastito samopoštovanje te u kojoj će mjeri udarci biti prijeteći za pojedinca. Većina ljudi će povrede s vremenom razriješiti i oporaviti se. Za razliku od većine, narcistično ranjiviji pojedinci, nakon doživljenih povreda teško će se oporaviti i očuva-ti vlastito samopoštovanje. Povrede mogu trajati dugi period, istim intenzitetom, a osoba može razviti narcistični poremećaj ličnosti. Visokokonfliktni razvod bra-1 Dr. sc. Maja Ernečić, psihologinja, e-mail: maja.ernecic@kc.htnet.hr 2 Sonja Patričević, Sveučilišna specijalistica obiteljske medijacije, socijalna radnica, e-mail: sonja.patricevic@hotmail.com članciLjetopis socijalnog rada 2017., 24 (1), 147-166.ka sve je više u fokusu interesa stručnjaka kao i šire javnosti. Velik dio studija bavi se psihološkim učincima konflikta na djecu, manipulativnim ponašanjima roditelja, kao i poteškoćama odgoja djece nakon razvoda. Ličnost roditelja u ovim se područjima prepoznaje kao bitna, međutim nedovoljno se objašnjava njen utjecaj. Ovaj rad jedan je od prvih koji se bavi razmatranjem psiholoških procesa narcističnog pojedinca u situaciji razvoda braka što može doprinijeti razumijevanju postupaka bivših partnera i boljem razumijevanju visokokonfliktnih razvoda braka koji su danas prepoznati kao izuzetno važan psihosocijalni problem. UVODIako se narcizam prepoznaje kao ozbiljan mentalni poremećaj, njegove manifestacije ne moraju biti odmah prepoznate kao patološke, čak ni od strane struč-njaka pomažućih profesija. Freudov pionirski pogled (1914( ., prema Cohen, 1998 prema kojem narcizam postaje patološka pojava kada pojedinac ne dovrši tranziciju koja podrazumijeva prelazak sa samoljublja na ljubav prema drugima je, s manjim izmjenama, ipak prihvaćena i danas. Konstrukt narcizma posjeduje dualnu prirodu u obliku zdravog/funkcionalnog i nezdravog/patološkog narcizma, pri čemu je ovaj drugi najpoznatiji kao narcistični poremećaj ličnosti (Čuržik i Jakšić, 2013.). Prvi je baziran na zdravom, a drugi na niskom samopoštovanju. Čuržik i Jakšić (2013.) smatraju kako je funkcionalni narcizam prisutan kod ljudi koji imaju ponešto preuveličanu sliku o sebi i sklonost kompetitivnom ponašanju, ali su opušteni u interpersonaln...
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN SAME-SEX FAMILIES – FACTS, PREJUDICES AND THE ROLE OF SOCIETY Changes in the family structure which have been present in recent decades generated new forms of families, among which are same-sex families. These changes are mainly not accompanied by the same speed of changes in society through a change of the system of values, public perceptions and policies. Many same-sex couples raise children who were born in previous heterosexual relationships, realise parenthood through different reproduction techniques, and in some societies, which are more modern and mature than ours and which are pro-European and western oriented, adoption of children by same-sex couples was already legitimized a long time ago. A series of research studies connected to same-sex families and parenthood was conducted to date. The results of most scientific studies have shown that there are no significant changes between children who grow up in heterosexual unions and those who grow up in same-sex unions related to their mental and physical well-being, social competencies, behavioural adjustment, gender identity and role, sexual orientation, social relations and academic achievement. It seems that family processes, quality of parenthood and quality of the parent-child relationship influence the developmental outcomes far more than the family structure does. The influence of stigmatization seems to be controversial as the results are contradictory. The influence of stigmatization is negatively connected to mental health and quality of life of same-sex couples. In spite of that, their children develop into healthy persons in the homophobic society they grow up in. Nevertheless, society burdened by stereotypes and prejudice represents a certain social risk for same-sex families. Opposing scientific research which shows very few noticeable differences between the children of same-sex and heterosexual couples to social beliefs that are not based on scientific facts is important for the social survival of these different families. Scientific literature should be the only relevant factor in designing policies that position same-sex families within a wider social context. It is precisely due to this that this paper provides an overview of scientific research studies that are focused on the potential influences of same-sex unions on the children’s growing up,with an emphasis on the sexual and psychosocial development of the children. The presented results should form a basis for all discussions about the influence of same-sex parenthood on children and only they are relevant for policy-making based on scientific facts.
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