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This study aimed to develop an instrument for measuring the attitudes that reflect the characteristics of the pandemic (Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS)) and verifying its validity and reliability. This study used a methodological research design and was conducted with a development step and an evaluation step. The development step included development of preliminary items, content validity, face validity, and preliminary investigation. The evaluation step included item analysis, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, factor naming, reliability, and completion of the final instrument. The A-PAS developed in this study consisted of a total of 20 items in five dimensions. The internal consistency of 20 items of the A-PAS, Cronbach’s α was 0.92 for 20 items, Cronbach’s α for each factor, a subscale of instrument, was 0.61~0.87 and Raykov’s p coefficient of each factor, which is a subscale of the tool, was found to be 0.60 to 0.88. Analysis of construct validity showed the results as follows: χ2 (p) = 134.05 (p < 0.001), RMSEA = 0.02, RMR = 0.02, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.99. The study findings suggest that the developed instrument can be utilized to measure the attitudes of adults toward pandemics, and reflect the reality of the pandemic situation. The outcomes can be used as valuable data for intervention, prevention activities, and policy preparation. The instrument will be applied in the event of a pandemic, such as COVID-19, and will be helpful in promoting the health of the people.

The Korean version of the ISE has high reliability (stability and homogeneity), and good content, concurrent, and construct validity (EFA and CFA). Validated Korean version of the ISE may help nurses identify infertility-related self-efficacy.

Purpose:The aim of this study was to explore patients' experience of participation in their hospital care. Methods: Face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted with a total of 21 patients in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Collected data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Two categories of patients' experience of participation in hospital care emerged: 1) Reactive participatory activity, 2) active participatory activity. Major participatory activities included 'complying with medical instructions', 'listening', 'responding' and 'questioning'. Healthcare professionals' attentive attitudes and explanation, and availability of care equipment were facilitating factors affecting patient participation in their care, whereas limited accessibility to and poor communication with healthcare professionals, inconvenient patient room, and patient factors were barriers to their participation. Conclusion: The findings in this study reveal that patients tend to participate in their care in a reactive way and that healthcare professionals have a significant role in facilitating patients' participation. Furthermore, the care environment and patient factors need to be considered to promote patient participation in hospital care.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine research trends on VR/AR-based CPR training to provide key information on VR/AR-based CPR training, to explore utilization methods of VR/AR in CPR training in South Korea and directions for future research. Methods Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, and PubMed were searched using keywords from ‘Virtual reality (VR)’, ‘Augmented reality (AR)’, ‘Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)’, and ‘Basic Life Support (BLS)’. Among 1,065 academic articles obtained, 29 papers meeting the criteria were selected by reading the titles and abstracts and excluding papers unrelated to the topic and duplicates. The research design, method, and main results of each literature were scrutinized. Results Research related to CPR training using VR/AR technology has recently increased rapidly, mainly in the United States and European countries. Many are to check the usability of equipment/devices used VR/AR technology or to explore the user's perspectives, and some to see the effects of training for health care workers and college students in related areas. The use of VR/AR in CPR training appeared in various ways regarding the method of platform and feedback. VR/AR based CPR training is an attractive approach, and positive training outcomes are reported but some are not. Conclusions The advantages of VR/AR based CPR training are clear, but the training method is not standardized and remains in the stage of dissemination, thus it should be careful in interpreting it as effective enough to replace traditional CPR training. In South Korea, it is needed to use VR/AR technology as an auxiliary in CPR training to take advantage of its benefits and to increase in research with high level of evidence.