We compared the independent predictive factors for moderate and severe injuries, along with characteristics and outcomes of motor vehicle collisions, between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Using 2001–2015 records from the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System, we selected 736 pregnant women and 21,874 non-pregnant women having any anatomical injuries. Pregnant women showed less severe collisions, fewer fatalities, and less severe injuries in most body regions than non-pregnant women. In pregnant women, the rate of sustaining abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores 2+ injuries was higher for the abdomen only. For non-pregnant women, rear seat position, airbag deployment, multiple collisions, rollover, force from the left, and higher collision velocity had a positive influence on the likelihood of AIS 2+ injuries, and seatbelt use and force from the rear had a negative influence. There is a need for further development of passive safety technologies for restraint and active safety features to slow down vehicles and mitigate collisions. The influencing factors identified may be improved by safety education. Therefore, simple and effective interventions by health professionals are required that are tailored to pregnant women.

Introduction Despite the importance of child road traffic death, a limited number of studies have investigated rural child road traffic death in high income countries. Objective This review estimated the impact of rurality on child road traffic deaths and other potential risk factors in high‐income countries. Design We searched Ovid, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus databases and extracted studies focusing on the association between rurality and child road traffic death published between 2001 and 2021. Available data were extracted and analysed, to evaluate the impact of rurality on child road traffic death and explore other risk factors of child road traffic deaths. Findings We identified 13 studies for child road traffic death between 2001 and 2021. Eight studies reported the impact of rurality on child road traffic death, and all of them alleged that the mortality rate and injury rate of children was significantly higher on rural road than on urban road. The impact of rurality varied between studies, from 1.6 times to 15 times higher incidence of road traffic death in rural areas. Vehicle type, speeding cars, driver loss of control, alcohol and drug use road environment were identified as risk factors of child road traffic death. Conversely, ethnicity, seat belts, nondeployed airbag, child restraint, strict driver licence system, camera law and accessibility of trauma centres were considered protective factors. Other factors, including age, gender and teen passengers, appeared ambiguous for child road traffic death. Discussion Rurality is one of the most important risk factors of child road traffic death. Therefore, we should consider the impact that rurality has on child road death and resolve the gap between rural and urban areas in order to prevent child road traffic death effectively. Conclusion The findings of this literature review will assist policy‐makers to prevent child road traffic death by focusing on rural regions.

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Sedation is often indicated for the relief of anxiety for outpatient oral surgery. In combination with local anesthesia, it is safe and effective method of treatment. However, it is not always effective in allowing the physician to complete the planned oral surgery procedure. On occasion, a procedure is left unfinished due to patient combativeness and discomfort and hypertension in spite of increase in sedative doses. Episodic increases in blood pressure were most commonly caused by light anesthesia or sedation and by the patient's experience of pain during treatment. Female patient was 42 years old. blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg. Extraction and implant surgery was done under IV sedation. During seadtion, her blood pressure was increased (200/100 mmHg). Surgery was stopped. She was done monitoring blood pressure. The blood pressure was decreased to 130/90 mmHg. Sedation was failed due to significant hypertension. Blood pressure is seldom increased during sedation but we should evaluate the patient's medical history and know guideline for hypertension crisis.