[Purpose] It is well-known that the muscles of spinal stability also play roles in
respiration. The spinal stability muscles are divided into two subgroups, the local muscle
group and the global muscle group. Appropriately coordinated activation of muscle groups
are recommended for more efficient spinal stability. The indirect method of measuring
coordination of muscle groups is the synergist ratio of local muscles to global muscles.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergist ratios of the spinal stability
muscles of different breathing patterns. [Subjects and Methods] Forty healthy subjects
performed 4 different breathing patterns and 3 synergist ratios calculated from % maximal
voluntary isometric contraction of 2 local group muscles and 3 global group muscles were
analyzed. [Results] The results of this study show synergist ratios were consistent among
the breathing patterns and there was a consistent muscle reliance pattern of synergist
ratios during each breathing pattern. The synergist ratio of extensors stayed around 1.
The results were consistent with those of previous studies of spinal stability exercises.
[Conclusion] We suggest that different breathing patterns could be used as a component of
spinal stability exercises, secondary to the similarities of muscle coordination with
spinal stability exercises, commonly used in clinics.
[Purpose] The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of position on
%MVIC of spinal stability muscles to establish for the most effective breathing pattern
for activation of spinal stability muscles in order to provide an additional treatment
method for use in spinal stability exercise programs. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-three
healthy subjects performed quiet breathing and four different forced respiratory maneuvers
(FRM); [pursed lip breathing (PLB), diaphragmatic breathing (DB), combination breathing
(CB) and respiration muscle endurance training (RMET)] in both standing and sitting
positions. %MVIC of them (the multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), internal
oblique/transversus abdominis (IO/TrA), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA)
measured. [Results] IO/TrA, MF and EO showed greater activation in standing than in
sitting, while RA and ES showed greater activation in sitting than in standing. RMET
induced significantly greater activation of spinal stability muscles then other breathing
patterns. %MVIC changes of muscle activities induced by FRM were independent of position
with a few exceptions. [Conclusion] The increased respiratory demands of FRM induced
greater activation of spinal stability muscles than QB. RMET was found to be the most
effective breathing pattern for increasing the activation of the spinal stability
muscles.
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