A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is proposed with improvements in antenna gain and back lobe level. By pixelating the metal part of the antenna aperture and considering the presence or absence of metal in each pixel using Genetic Algorithm (GA), the electromagnetic field distribution could be controlled especially in the front panel of the antenna. As a result, an increase of 4 dBi occurs in gain and back lobe level is 10.8 dB better than the conventional SIW horn antenna. The proposed antenna works at the frequency of 30.2 GHz and without adding any parts to conventional SIW Horn antenna we do not leave the antenna in compact mode. In order to verify the simulation results, two commercial software has been used and the results are good both in CST and HFSS.

A transformation-optical method is presented to enhance the directivity of a cylindrical wire antenna by using an all-dielectric graded index medium. The strictly conformal mapping between two doubly connected virtual and physical domains is established numerically. Multiple directive beams are produced, providing directive emission. The state-of-the-art optical path rescaling method is employed to mitigate the superluminal regions. The resulting transformation medium is all-dielectric and nondispersive, which can provide broadband functionality and facilitate the realization of the device using available fabrication technologies. The realization of the device is demonstrated by dielectric perforation based on the effective medium theory. The device’s functionality is verified by carrying out both ray-tracing and full-wave simulations using finite-element-based software COMSOL Multiphysics.