The CGMS may be helpful for monitoring a trend in interstitial glucose concentration in critically ill neonatal foals. However, considering the wide limits of agreement between methods, the CGMS should only be used as an adjunctive device to other, more accurate and readily available methods that are able to detect acute changes in glucose concentration. Its use is further limited by the relatively high costs of the sensors, the mandatory 2-hour initialization period, and the difficulties of keeping the transducer in place in an active foal. The POC glucometer used in this study is easy to use and proved to be sufficiently accurate for repeated, stall-sided glucose monitoring in neonatal foals.

Objective: To evaluate clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of cattle with sinonasal cysts. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Cattle (n = 15). Methods: Medical records (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) of cattle with a fluid-filled mass in the nasal cavity, conchae, and/or paranasal sinuses were evaluated. Data retrieved and analyzed were reason of presentation, clinical signs, diagnostic techniques, surgical treatment, complications, and outcome. Results: Common presenting clinical signs were abnormal respiratory noise, nasal discharge, and abnormal respiratory effort. Mean age of affected cattle was 21.7 months. In 9 animals, cysts were identified by endoscopy. Radiographic signs included a mass in the paranasal sinuses or conchae (13), nasal septum deviation (12), fluid lines (10), and bone atrophy (5). Ten cattle were treated surgically with osteoplastic flap techniques to gain access to the frontal or maxillary sinus (5), nasal extraction of the cyst under endoscopic control (3) or a combination of both techniques (2). Nine cattle returned to be productive members of their herd and had no recurrence (mean follow-up, 20.7 months). Conclusions: Sinonasal cysts should be considered as a primary differential diagnosis in cattle with abnormal respiratory noise, particularly in younger animals. Multiple cysts were common, which underlines the importance of a thorough preoperative examination using appropriate imaging modalities. Despite the often expansive nature of sinonasal cysts, the prognosis with surgical treatment was good.