An 8‐year‐old male neutered golden retriever diagnosed with a T‐cell lymphoma and treated with a modified LOPP (lomustine, vincristine, prednisolone and procarbazine) protocol was presented to a referral hospital for management of an accidental overdose of lomustine (180 mg/m2). This overdose resulted in a severe myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The human platelet stimulator eltrombopag was used as part of the treatment protocol, alongside granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and supportive care. The dog made a good recovery and completed a course of chemotherapy, achieving complete clinical remission of the lymphoma and long‐term survival (613 days).

Background After a strong epidemiological link to diet was established in an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in spring 2021 in the United Kingdom, 3 dry diets were recalled. Concentrations of the hemato‐ and myelotoxic mycotoxins T‐2, HT‐2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) greater than the European Commission guidance for dry cat foods were detected in the recalled diets. Objectives To describe clinical and clinicopathological findings in cats diagnosed with suspected diet induced pancytopenia. Animals Fifty cats presenting with pancytopenia after exposure to a recalled diet. Methods Multicenter retrospective case series study. Cats with known exposure to 1 of the recalled diets were included if presented with bi‐ or pancytopenia and underwent bone marrow examination. Results Case fatality rate was 78%. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy examination results were available in 23 cats; 19 cats had a bone marrow aspirate, and 8 cats had a biopsy core, available for examination. Bone marrow hypo to aplasia—often affecting all cell lines—was the main feature in all 31 available core specimens. A disproportionately pronounced effect on myeloid and megakaryocytic cells was observed in 19 cats. Myelofibrosis or bone marrow necrosis was not a feature. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Mycotoxin induced pancytopenia should be considered as differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy cats presenting with bi‐ or pancytopenia and bone marrow hypo‐ to aplasia.

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