Having the ability to predict the nature and amounts of plutonium emissions in industrial accidents, such as in solvent fires at PUREX nuclear reprocessing facilities, is a key concern of nuclear safety agencies. In accident conditions and in the presence of oxygen and water vapor, plutonium is expected to form three major volatile species PuO2, PuO3, and PuO2(OH)2, for which the thermodynamic data necessary for predictions (enthalpies of formation and heat capacities) presently shows either large uncertainties or is lacking. In this work we aim to alleviate such shortcomings by obtaining the aforementioned data via relativistic correlated electronic structure calculations employing the Multi-State Complete Active Space with Second-Order Perturbation Theory (MS-CASPT2) with state-interaction RASSI spin-orbit coupling approach, which is able to describe the multireference character of the ground-state wavefunctions of PuO3 and PuO2(OH2). We benchmark this approach by comparing it to relativistic coupled cluster calculations for the ground, ionized and excited states of PuO2. Our results allow us to predict enthalpies of formation ∆ f H − • (298.15 K) of PuO2, PuO3 and PuO2(OH)2 to be (−449.5 ± 8.3) kJ mol −1 , (−553.2 ± 27.3) kJ mol −1 , and (−1012.6 ± 38.0) kJ mol −1 , respectively, which confirm the predominance of plutonium dioxide, but also reveal the existence of plutonium trioxide in gaseous phase under oxidative condition, though the partial pressures of PuO3 and PuO2(OH)2 are nonetheless always rather low under wet atmosphere. Our calculations also permit us to reassess prior results for PuO2, establishing the ground state of the PuO2 molecule is mainly of 5 Σ + g character, as well as to confirm the experimental value for the adiabatic ionization energy of PuO2.

Uranium(iv) alkyl cations have been prepared, and arene solvent coordination was shown to have a major impact on ethylene polymerization activity. Actinide-arene binding was studied experimentally in the solid state and solution, and computationally.