Although not considered a diagnostic criterion in DSM-IV, motor difficulties in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are commonly reported. Prevalence of co-morbidity of ADHD and Developmental Coordination Disorder is as high as 50%. Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a problem-solving approach originally developed for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. In this approach, therapists support children to use cognitive strategies in a process of guided discovery to solve occupational performance problems. A single case experimental design (multiple baselines) was used to examine the influence of a 12-week intervention using CO-OP with six children with ADHD. Outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Goal Attainment Scaling and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and Performance (BOTMP). The results of this study demonstrated improvements in both goals and motor performance in the participants due to the intervention. These results provide some support for the use of CO-OP with children with ADHD. Further research into the application of CO-OP with children with ADHD is warranted based on these preliminary positive findings regarding the efficacy of this intervention to address motor-based performance difficulties.

CO-OP intervention can be helpful in improving motor skills and achieving self-identified, motor-based goals in children with CP.

Background and Objectives: Cancer survival rate increased during the last 3 decades, following medical advances and improvement of therapeutic protocols to treat children with cancer. Contribution to childhood activities is essential to the growth and development of children, regardless of their ability and disability. However, there is no information about the problems and requirements of childhood activities in children with cancer undergoing cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the occupational performance needed in children with cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate high priority problems in occupational performance in children with cancer. Occupational performance needs and priorities were determined by a semi-constructed interview using the Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM). The obtained data were encoded and statistically analyzed. Results: Based on the problems noted by the children with cancer, a total of 141 problems were selected in the occupational performance areas out of which 37 codes were extracted. Results of the current study indicated that based on COPM, among 3 main occupational performance areas, the most problematic area belonged to self-care (49.64%), then productivity and leisure time (26.95% and 23.40%, respectively). Conclusion: Results of previous as well as the current studies indicated that children with cancer, due to the complications of the disease and side-effects of the therapies, face some functional problems in their daily life activities, which emphasizes the need for occupational therapy practices in order to improve the patients' QoL.

Background and Aim: Studies have shown that several factors affect the hearing loss of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These factors include hyperbilirubine­mia, low birth weight, asphyxia, and prematurity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss and its risk factors in NICU infants. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Sam­ples were 159 infants admitted to the NICU in Fatemieh and Shahid Beheshti hospitals in Ham­adan, Iran, who were selected using a conveni­ence sampling method. Their hearing was scree­ned using transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem res­ponse (AABR) tests; in case of failure in these tests, auditory brainstem response (ABR) was performed. Results: Of 159 infants, 9 (5.66%) were iden­tified with different types of hearing loss where 4 (2.51%) had sensory-neural hearing loss, one (0.62%) had auditory neuropathy and 4 (2.51%) had conductive hearing loss. There was a statis­tically significant relationship between hearing loss and birth weight < 1500 g, hyperbilirubine­mia, antibiotic therapy, family history of hearing loss, asphyxia and Apgar score < 5. Conclusion: Prevalence of hearing loss in NICU infants is noticeable so hearing assessment after discharge is necessary. Due to the presence of auditory neuropathy, simultaneous use of TEOAE and AABR tests in these infants is recommended. Keywords: Infant hearing screening; neonatal intensive care unit; auditory brainstem response

Introduction Since mothers are the best persons to facilitate transfer in their children, it is important to understand their experience with implementing the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach at home. Therefore, this study aims to explore mothers’ experiences in facilitating transfer during implementing cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach at the home in children with specific learning disorder. Method A semi-structured interview was applied for mothers of children receiving cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and the data were analyzed using a continuous comparison technique and inductive content analysis. Results Five themes emerged which described the mothers’ experiences of being involved with the transfer of cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach at home including (1) mothers’ feelings toward themselves; (2) supportive therapist; (3) supportive social settings; (4) multidimensional educational content; and (5) educational methods. Conclusion Mothers expressed that cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach was simple, but they needed deeper information and skills. They provided suggestions for increasing the involvement during cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance intervention to increase transfer.