Background: Evidence Based Medicine is the ability of physicians to use and integrate the best clinical evidence based in accordance with patient's condition, that this evidence have obtained from reliable clinical trials and without bias. In recent years To improve the clinical care quality provided to patients, physicians clinical experience have been combined with research evidence of similar clinical case. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term implementation of evidence-based medical education on knowledge and ability to apply it among clinical students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: this study was a pre and post control quasi-experimental study which was performed on two groups of clinical medicine (senior students studying in the academic year 2012-13) in Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The students were selected by census method. At the beginning of course, in the intervention group, after providing a description of the operational objectives, students trained four sessions for four hours and carried out by professor's guidance 5 standard step implementation of evidencebased medicine included question, search, critical evaluation of evidence, implementation and evaluation respectively. The knowledge and ability of students were evaluated by using valid and reliable questionnaire, pre-test and post-test (the intervention group within three months of training) about the use of evidence-based medicine in intervention group (26 students) and control group (23 students). Results: The results showed that increasing the students' familiarity with the terminology and sources used in evidence-based medicine (p=0.000). Also this study showed the increasing of students' knowledge level from evidence-based medicine implementation process and also the ability of them in implementation and application of evidence-based medicine after intervention (p=0.000 & p=0.000, respectively) Conclusion: It seems that there are the need for training of medical students in clinical courses about epidemiology of concepts and terms used in discussing evidence-based medicine toward epidemiological concepts and terms which used in the discussion of evidence-based medicine in order to enhance their ability in critical analysis of studied articles with the aim of increasing the ability of them in making appropriate and correct clinical decisions especially in the form of workshops and practical training.

Background: Accidents and injuries are the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality.This study aimed to investigate the incidences of different causes of accidents in children under 6 years old.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in one year (2016)(2017) on a sample of 6000 children in Southern Iran with a multistage sampling method using a standard checklist for comprehensive child health monitoring. Results:The annual incidence rate of accidents was 16% and the mean age of accident victims was 2.5±1.5 years. Of these, 17.3% and 14.8% were male and female, respectively. 25% of the children suffered from more than one accident. The most common causes of accidents were burns (16%), falls (14%), and accidents involving objects (10%). In multivariate analysis, a higher number of male children in the family and lower child age significantly increased the likelihood of accidents (p less than 0.05). Conclusions:This study was a direct survey of the population, and showed that the incidence rate of accidents in children in southern Iran was in line with that of other regions of Iran, but less than the world average. There was no significant difference in accident etiology and only trends in etiology were found compared to studies using existing data.

Background: Breastfeeding is considered to be the best food for infants and plays important role in the formation of growth and development. The factors associated with the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding varies from country to country. The aim of this study was to determine the breastfeeding patterns in the first 24 h of life and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage sampling. The cities of Fars province in Iran were considered as clusters and then samples were taken from hospitals (public and private). Data were collected from 1439 newborns by interviewing the mothers and using a questionnaire. Data were evaluated using descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS software (version 16.0). Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the variables affecting breastfeeding. Results: During the first 24 h of life, 96% of mothers started the breastfeeding of their infants, and 1238 newborns (87%) were breastfed exclusively. Breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in mothers with normal vaginal delivery (P < 0.001). Hospital type, family income, parental education and parental job significantly associated with Breastfeeding rate. Conclusion: The rate of breastfeeding in the first 24 h of life was in a good condition. However, given the high rate of cesarean delivery and its negative impact on breastfeeding, it is necessary to take measures to ensure that this type of delivery is performed only if necessary.

Child abuse is a problem that needs to be addressed worldwide. This is a cross‐sectional study to estimate the prevalence of child abuse among children aged 3 to 6 years and its associated factors in southern Iran. In total, 5142 participants were selected using multi‐stage random sampling. The estimated prevalence rates of neglect and physical and verbal/emotional abuse among children were 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.2–27.6), 59.4% (95% CI 58.1–60.6), and 63.9% (95% CI 62.6–65.1), respectively. The results of logistic regression models showed that the child's sex was associated with physical abuse (odds ratio [OR]boy/girl 1.25; 95% CI1.11–1.41) and verbal abuse (ORboy/girl 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.32). However, parents living together was inversely associated with physical abuse (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.25–0.80), verbal abuse (ORboy/girl 0.46; 95% CI 0.25–0.84), and neglect (ORboy/girl 0.53; 95% CI 0.31–0.88). Mother's education (ORuniversity degree/illiterate 0.58; 95% CI 0.35–0.98) was also inversely associated with physical abuse. The prevalence of child abuse in southern Iran is significantly higher than in several other countries in the region and other parts of the world. Social and family factors, including mother's education and parents living together, are important in reducing child abuse and its related mental and physical disorders during childhood. It is essential to train parents of young children about abuse and its negative effects on the health and social performance of children.

Introduction: Breastfeeding during the early months of life has benefits for both mother and baby and it is recommended that children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of their life. This study was conducted to determine the exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life and some associated factors in Fars Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1681 children aged 6 to 9 months. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic questions and questions about breastfeeding and some predictive variables. The information was collected by interviewing the mothers in their homes. Data were analyzed via SPSS software version 16 and evaluated by descriptive and analytical tests (Chi-square test). Results: About 57% of infants were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk. The variables such as residence, mother's occupation, father's education, type of delivery and place of delivery had a significant effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Fars Province was better than some regions of Iran and even the world and the goal of the World Health Organization for 2025 has been achieved. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk, which seems to be necessary to carry out inquiries and provide useful solutions to this problem.