BACKGROUND:Respiratory system, together with the cardiovascular and central nervous system, is responsible for all processes related to oxygenation and hemodynamics and the defect in the functioning of each of these systems, along with ageing, can have mutual effects on their performance and physiological symptoms. The use of Pursed-lips Breathing (PLB) training is an essential part of the treatment of patients with the obstructive pulmonary disease, PLB stimulates the autonomic nervous system and causes relaxation and improvement of physiological parameters.AIM:This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PLB on cardiac, pulmonary and oxygenation level in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).METHODS:A three-group clinical trial study with experimental and control which was purposefully conducted with the participation of patients with COPD and healthy individuals referring to Madani hospital Khoy, in 2017. The sample size was selected to be 60 subjects. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups of intervention and control with 20 patients, and 20 healthy subjects were assigned to the healthy intervention group. The demographic, anthropometric information form and checklist recording changes in levels of oxygenation, respiration, temperature, heart rate and blood pressure with cardiopulmonary follow up in three stages before, during and after PLB were used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, repeated measure test, ANOVA, and Chi-square.RESULTS:On evaluation within the COPD patient intervention group in Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SPO2) index with the mean difference of 2.05 percent, Respiratory Rate(RR)-0.65 minute and Pulse Rate(PR)-1.6 bpm was significant (p ≤ 0.05), and systolic blood pressure index in healthy subjects was increased (3.35 mmHg).CONCLUSION:The results of this study indicated that using effective PLB as an easy, inexpensive, non- invasive and non-pharmacological method is considered as an important factor in improving the status of oxygenation and physiological indicators in patients with COPD and should be considered as an important part of rehabilitation programs for these patients.

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common painful disorder in females. The use of Benson's relaxation technique with a focus on sensations affects a range of physical and mental symptoms, reduces stress, and subsequently leads to changes in oxidative stress indexes. AIM: The present study aimed to determine the impact of Benson's relaxation technique on oxidative stress indexes of premenstrual syndrome in students in Khoy University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups was used in this study. The female nursing students at Khoy University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience and were assigned by the simple random method to control and intervention groups, each of which with 30 samples. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire and a checklist for recording values. Data collection was done at two stages of before and after intervention on days 21 to 28 and the third day of menstruation by distributing questionnaires and a blood sampling. The Mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage using descriptive statistics and Inferential statistically were utilised to analyse data through paired T-test, independent T-test, and Chi-square tests in addition to analysis of relations by using SPSS V25 at the p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: According to the findings, most of the samples were single (90%), native (61.6%) and had PMS symptoms (83.3%). The participants' mean age was 21 ± 1.5 years, and most of them had physical symptoms of headache, fatigue, behavioural symptoms of nervous tension and mood swing. The results indicated a significant difference between control and intervention groups in malondialdehyde2 (MDA2) and Total Antioxidant Capacity2 (TAC2) (p = 0.001). The within-groups comparison indicated a statistically significant difference between the total MDA index with a mean difference of 0.126 and TAC index (-.122) of the intervention group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The research results emphasised the importance of using Benson's relaxation techniques as an alternative medicine on the variability of levels oxidative stress markers and Consequently for reducing physical and mental symptoms.

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Introduction and Purpose:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common, hidden, degenerative, and progressive chronic disease that is more prevalent in women than in men. It is caused by damage to the myelin of central nervous system and results in neuropathy. The clinical pattern of the disease is 70 percent relapsing - remitting, and depending on the severity and type of nervous involvement, results in a variety of physical, psychological and social disabilities. The present study was designed to determine the functional level of MS patients.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 70 MS female patients referred to the Health Center for Special Diseases at the Madani Hospital of Khoy in 2016 were selected total samplesviaCensus. Two questionnaires were used: the demographic information form and the 29-question MSISS questionnaire that consists of both physical and psychological dimensions. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS v.16 software for an independent sample T-test, and ANOVA.Results:The 69% of the sample was comprised of married women, 74% were housewives, 83% were found to be disabled, 77% had a relapsing-remitting form of illness and 89% had no communication problems. The average age was 35 years and the average duration of illness was 4 years. Severe physical disability was found in 11.4% and 17.1% suffered from severe psychological disability. The general disease-related disability was considered mild in 65.7%. Disability was related to age, lifestyle, the presence or absence of a caregiver, the type of illness and communication problems. Physical and psychological dimensions of disability were unrelated (p<0.001).Conclusion:According to the high rate of psychological disability compared to physical dimension and effects of physical disorders on the soul, it is necessary to minimize the severity of disability by directing and controlling tensions, changes in lifestyle, the use of complementary therapies, rehabilitation Interventions, psychosocial support, and receiving services from the Association for the supportive of MS patients.Because psychological disability was greater than physical disability, therapy needs to address psychological stressors. Changes in lifestyle, use of complementary therapies, rehabilitation interventions and psychosocial support are recommended. Support associations for MS patients can also be helpful.