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A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our department for investigation and treatment of a progressively enlarging multinodular goiter and a fast growing mass infiltrating the sternum. The patient was euthyroid, but computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum infiltrating the sternum, with a dominant nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid. Fine needle aspiration biopsy results from both the cervical and the mediastinal masses were suggestive of follicular thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy, thymectomy, and total removal of the mass, along with parts of the sternum, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and attached ribs. The thoracic wall was reconstructed with gortex dual mesh covered by muscle flaps from both pectoralis major muscles. Pathological analysis of both masses confirmed the fine needle aspiration findings and the patient received three cycles of radioactive iodine treatment. She had an uneventful postoperative course, but died of a stroke 8 years later.

BackgroundThere are studies showing the utility of the 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) scan in the management of patients with thymic epithelial tumors. It seems to be a correlation between the standard uptake value (SUVmax) of thymic epithelial tumors and the histological type and the stage. This study aims to use the ratio of the SUVmax of the lesion to the SUVmax of the adjacent mediastinal tissues in order to guide the choice of the surgical access.MethodsAll patients who presented an anterior mediastinal lesion with a high suspicion of being of thymic origin were included in a prospective database. A ratio inferior to 1 could predict a benign nature and less aggressive behavior, and a minimally invasive approach was performed. A ratio superior to 1 suggested a malignant and aggressive behavior, and a median sternotomy (or a thoracotomy) was performed.ResultsThere were 15 male (mean age 44.6 ± 16.26 years, range 25–73) and 15 female patients (mean age 50.1 ± 16.94 years, range 25–76). When the ratio is inferior to 1, it predicts benign disease in 80% of cases. When it is superior to 1, it predicts in half of cases advanced histological types (high risk thymomas and thymic carcinomas). On the contrary, it can quite accurately predict advanced Masaoka–Koga stages.ConclusionsThe protocol of this study is in accordance with the current literature showing the utility of 18FDG PET scan in the treatment of thymic epithelial tumors. This study goes one step further since the choice of surgical access is based on the SUVmax values. The ratio SUVmax of the lesion/SUVmax of the mediastinal tissues could be a new marker, more pertinent than absolute SUVmax values.

References[1] The SOLVD investigators. Effect of enalapnl on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection