Aim of study: Indigenous woody species play an important role as a complement on the diet of rural populations in Niger, especially in periods of food scarcity. However, these species are nowadays overexploited and management programmes are necessary to conserve them. In order to design a conservation programme for edible woody species, this paper presents a sociological analysis about the use of edible woody species and their products during shortage periods in Niger.Area of study: Four villages in two distinct agro-ecological regions were selected to conduct structured enquiries based on focus group discussions and surveys with key informants.Material and Methods: Perceptions of the conservation status of these species were identified; as well the factors affecting food values, perceptions, management and collection practices.Main results: Results show that B. senegalensis was a staple food in the driest areas, and M. crassifolia was used for fodder and human consumption in the most critical situations. The local communities related the drivers of species conservation status specific to the agro-ecological regions, and gender and ethnic differences were also identified.Research highlights: Understanding these factors constitutes a first step towards adaptive management strategies for the conservation of woody food species in rural communities of Niger.
L’état des populations de Tamarindus indica L. des zones sud-ouest du Niger a été établi à travers l’analyse de leur structure demographiques. L’étude a été conduite dans les communes rurales du département de Torodi, région de Tillabéry et de Bana et Tanda du département de Gaya, région de Dosso. Les données ont été collectées au moyen des relevés floristiques et des mesures de diamètres à 1,30 m pour les arbres et à 20 cm pour les arbustes et par le comptage des individus ayant un diamètre inférieur à 5 cm (d > 5 cm). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les densités de l’espèce au niveau des trois sites sont faibles et comprises entre 1 à 10 individus /ha, avec un taux de régénération nul. Les distributions observées des structures en diamètres et en hauteur s’ajustent avec les distributions théoriques de Weibull. Les valeurs du paramètre de forme C, supérieures à 3,6 (C > 3,6) pour les structures en diamètres, caractérisent une distribution asymétrique négative ou asymétrique gauche, caractéristique des peuplements monospécifiques à prédominance d’individus âgés. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots clés: Tamarinsus indica, structure, populations, Niger English Title: Demographical structure of the Tamarindus indica L. in southwest of Niger (north Soudan) English Abstract The status of Tamarindus indica populations in southwestern Niger has been established through the analysis of their population structure. The current study was conducted in the rural district of Torodi province, Tillabéry Region and the rural district of Bana and Tanda of Gaya province, Dosso Region. Data have been collected by means of floristic sampling, and measuring diameters of 1.3 meter for trees and 20 centimeters for shrubs, and counting species with less than five centimer diameters (d > 5 cm). The results have revealed that the density of the species at the three sites is lower and between 1 to 10 species per acre. The structure distributions observed in terms of diameter and height are in lign with Weibull theoretical distributions. The form C parameter is superior than 3.6 (C > 3.6) for the diameter structures, characterize a negative asymmetric or left asymmetric distribution, characteristic of monospecific stands with a predominance of older individual. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Tamarindus indica, structure, populations, Niger
L’étude visait à caractériser la populationnaturelle d’un ligneux alimentaire, Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance (Chrysobalanaceae). Elle a été conduite dans le Dallol Bosso au sud-ouest du Niger. Les données provenaient de relevés floristiques dont le dispositif de sondage était de type systématique. Onze transects ont été installés, et 83 placettes de 50 m x 50 m ont été échantillonnées. La structure de la population a été renseignée par ladiversité floristique, la densité des arbres, le taux de régénération et la structure démographique des populations. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique de la matrice espèces-relevés a été réalisée afin d’identifier des groupes végétaux. À l’intérieur de chaque placette, ont été relevés le diamètre à 1,30 m pour les sujets de diamètre supérieur ou égal à 5 cm, et le nombre d’individus. Le coefficient générique reste faible et les familles et genres représentés par une seule espèce demeurent prépondérants. La flore recouvre 36 espèces ligneuses réparties en 30 genres relevant de 19 familles, pour lesquelles dominent les Fabaceae (27,8 %) et les Malvaceae (13,9 %). Trois groupes structuraux apparaissent, caractérisés par une dominance de N. macrophylla, dont la population tend à se régénérer. Les histogrammes de structure des populations font en effet apparaître des effectifs élevés dans les classes de petit diamètre. La densité moyenne de l’espèce est de 26,1 individus/ha, mais varie en fonction des groupes structuraux. L’observation de la régénération naturelle, dont le niveau élevé ne préjuge toutefois pas du devenir des plantules, montre que N. macrophylla se renouvelle essentiellement par semis (87,6 %), et faiblement par rejets de souche (11,1 %). Les résultats de cette étude permettent de mieux appréhender le statut de cette espèce, en faveur de la mise en place de stratégies de gestion durable.
Plants are the pharmacy of people in rural and urban areas in West African. However, few studies assessed the ecology and diversity of medicinal plants mostly rural and urban areas. This study assessed the taxonomic composition, life form, chorology and uses of the different organs of the spontaneous medicinal plants in Niamey and Tillabéri regions in Niger. The questionnaire survey consisted of individual interview on 168 traditional healers in two regions. A total of 181 species belonging to 60 families were recorded in Niamey and Tillabéri regions where Fabaceae (19 species) was the dominate family in two regions. The woody species presented 56.59% of the total recorded flora while the herbaceous species were 43.41%. The biological spectrum showed that phanerophytes (57%) were the dominant followed by therophytes (24%) in both regions. This indicates the use of trees, shrubs and annual plants in the traditional medicines in two regions. It also indicates about the tropical habitat. Chorological analysis results revealed that most of the taxa are Sudano-Zambezian (38%) at African scale. Whereas at global level African species (62%) were the dominant chorotype. Leaves (36%) were the most used parts followed by the bark (20%). These different proportions of uses show that the pharmacopoeia of the study area is based on African savannah trees and shrubs. Given the diversity of plant used traditional medicines recorded in two regions, the study recommends successful integration of the use of medicinal plants into a public health framework for biodiversity conservation in both regions. It is important to strengthen conservation strategies to protect this heritage.
Food insecurity is an almost permanent reality in Niger due to climatic hazards. This study is a contribution to the capitalization and enhancement of Community know-how in the exploitation of natural resources and addresses the role of spontaneous foods of plant origin in the search for diversity and dietary balance, specifically the potentialities of Boscia senegalensis. It is a species whose different parts are used for many purposes in Niger. The different recipes based on immature seeds processed in two departments of Niger, Banibangou and Bambèye are listed. To this end, a questionnaire was sent to 128 women in Bambèye and 114 in Banibangou. The recipes identified are those implemented by women from these different communities. A total
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