A new generation of precipitation measurement products has emerged, and their performances have gained much attention from the scientific community, such as the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor system (MRMS) from the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) and the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This study statistically evaluated the MRMS and GPM products and investigated their cascading hydrological response in August of 2017, when Hurricane Harvey brought historical and record-breaking precipitation to the Gulf Coast (>1500 mm), causing 107 fatalities along with about USD 125 billion worth of damage. Rain-gauge observations from Harris County Flood Control District (HCFCD) and stream-gauge measurements by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were used as ground truths to evaluate MRMS, GPM and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) gauge-only data by using statistical metrics and hydrological simulations using the Ensemble Framework for Flash Flooding Forecast (EF5) model. The results indicate that remote sensing technologies can accurately detect and estimate the unprecedented precipitation event with their near-real-time products, and all precipitation products produced good hydrological simulations, where the Nash-Sutcliff model efficiency coefficients (NSCE) were close to 0.9 for both the MRMS and GPM products. With the timeliness and seamless coverage of MRMS and GPM, the study also demonstrated the capability and efficiency of the EF5 framework for flash flood modeling over the United States and potentially additional international domains.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 445 2 of 20 infrastructure, which leads to the intensification of the meteorological extremes [6,7] and increased surface runoff peaks [5]. Globally, the Gulf Coast of North America is one of many places that is heavily affected by tropical storms and their cascading floods in an urbanized area [8]. On August 25th, 2017, Hurricane Harvey made its first landfall at the northern end of San Jose Island, TX. Since then, Harvey stalled over the greater Houston area and produced over 1500 mm of rain in 4 days, which set the US record of total precipitation since the 1880s, when the reliable rainfall records started [9]. During this event, southeast Texas received 20 to 30 trillion tons of water with a return period exceeding 9000 years at some locations [10], interconnected the Colorado River and San Bernard River overland, and caused unprecedented flooding. Hurricane Harvey was estimated to cause about USD 125 billion worth of damage and 107 fatalities, and 127 flash flood warnings were issued during the event [11]. As much as technology has advanced, society is still searching for tools to improve prediction and mitigate the damage from floods.Over the past few decades, the scientific community has made great improvements in the capacity of flood modeling by combining climate models, weather models, hydrological models, river models, and hydrodynamic models [12]....

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The Innaoune Watershed represents an important hydric potential of the oriental part of Morocco. However, the basin exhibits a set of hydrologic drawbacks, such as floods, erosion, and pollution. This chapter is focused on flood forecast study. In order to help managers and decision makers to adopt the appropriate land management strategies for protecting the population from flood damages, the study of the hydrological behavior and quantification of water yield are paramount. According to this perspective, the main goal of this chapter is to test the ability of the SWAT model to simulate and reproduce the hydrological behavior of the upstream of Innaouene Watershed. The output of the model could be used to map, delineate, and forecast the floods expansion for a particular rainfall event. SWAT was performed on a daily time step from 2004 to 2012 for calibration and 2012 to 2014 for validation. The model accuracy was evaluated by measuring the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and R2.

Climate change projections predict the increase of no-rain periods and storm intensity resulting in high hydrologic alteration of the Mediterranean rivers. Intermittent flow Rivers and Ephemeral Streams (IRES) are particularly vulnerable to spatiotemporal variation of climate variables, land use changes and other anthropogenic factors. In this work, the impact of climate change on the aquatic state of IRES is assessed by the combination of the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Temporary Rivers Ecological and Hydrological Status (TREHS) tool under two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) using CORDEX model simulations. A significant decrease of 20–40% of the annual flow of the examined river (Tsiknias River, Greece) is predicted during the next 100 years with an increase in the frequency of extreme flood events as captured with almost all Regional Climate Models (RCMs) simulations. The occurrence patterns of hyporheic and edaphic aquatic states show a temporal extension of these states through the whole year due to the elongation of the dry period. A shift to the Intermittent-Pools regime type shows dominance according to numerous climate change scenarios, harming, as a consequence, both the ecological system and the social-economic one.