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In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) is proposed for regulation of liquid level in a coupled tank system (CTS). In this controller design, a fuzzy variable is considered in the sliding surface in order to reduce the chattering effect. The proposed controller exhibits high robustness against external disturbances and also measurement error. To verify the efficacy of the proposed controller, we compared its performances with that of a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based proportional integral (PI) controller. The efficacy of the proposed controller is verified by implementing this controller in real time on the coupled tank liquid level system. From both the obtained simulation and experimental results, it is observed that the proposed controller exhibits superior control performance to maintain the desired level as compared with the LMI-based PI controller. KEYWORDS coupled tank system (CTS), linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), process control, system identification Int J Numer Model. 2019;32:e2485.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jnm