Purpose: Radiation for superficial tumours of the head and neck region can be given either by brachytherapy or electrons. Brachytherapy (BT), due to rapid dose fall-off and minor setup errors, should be superior to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for treatment of lesions in difficult locations such as the nose and earlobe. The present study is a dosimetric comparison of computed tomography (CT)-based mould brachytherapy treatment plans with 3D conformal electron beam therapy in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Material and methods: From December 2017 to November 2018 10 patients with NMSC of the head and neck region (forehead, nose, cheek) who underwent adjuvant radiation with HDR brachytherapy (BT) with a surface mould individual applicator were enrolled for analysis. We evaluated dose coverage by minimal dose to 90% of planning target volume (PTV, D 90), volumes of PTV receiving 90-150% of prescribed dose (PD) (VPTV 90-150), conformal index for 90% and 100% of PD (COIN 90 , COIN 100), dose homogeneity index (DHI), dose nonuniformity ratio (DNR), and exposure of organs at risk (OARs) (eyes, lens, underlying bone and skin). Prospectively, we created CT-based treatment plans for electron beam therapy. We compared conformity (COIN 90 , COIN 100), dose coverage of PTV (D 90 , VPTV 90 , VPTV 100), volumes of body receiving 10-90% of PD (V 10-V 90), doses to OARs (D 0.1cc and D 2cc) of BT and electron plans. Results: We obtained mean BT-DHI 0.81, BT-DNR 0.608, Electron-DHI 1.25. We observed no significant differences in VPTV 90,100 and D 90 between BT and electron beam. Mean BT-VPTV 125,150 were significantly higher than Electron-VPTV 100,125. COIN 90 was superior for BT plans. Conclusions: CT-based surface mould brachytherapy results in better conformity of superficial lesions on small, irregular surfaces such as the nose and inner canthus than electrons with a slightly higher skin dose.
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