Microgrids are a type of restricted power distribution systems in which electricity is generated, transmitted, and distributed within a small geographic region. They are used to ensure that renewable energy sources are used to their full potential. Microgrids provide further benefits, such as lowering transmission losses and the expenses associated with them. This research compares and contrasts the aims of economic dispatch, emission dispatch, fractional programing based combined economic emission dispatch, and environmental restricted economic dispatch (ECED). A low-voltage microgrid system is investigated for three different scenarios. As a study optimization tool, an innovative, resilient, and strong hybrid swarm-intelligence optimization algorithm is utilised, which is based on combining the properties of the traditional grey-wolf optimiser, sine-cosine algorithm, and crow search algorithm. The employment of a time-of-use energy market pricing approach instead of a fixed pricing plan resulted in a 15% decrease in generation costs throughout the course of the research. When ECED was assessed with a 15%-20% demand side management based restructured load demand model for the microgrid system, the generation costs were reduced even further. K E Y W O R D S demand side management, energy management, MGWOSCACSA, microgrid 1 | INTRODUCTION 1.1 | General overviewIn Economic Load Dispatch (ELD), Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are employed primarily. According to ELD, many units interconnected in a power system network do not produce the same quantity of power to meet the load demand, but rather deliver according to their fuel costs, that is, the production cost per unit of production will fluctuate from one unit to the next. Total energy output, on the other hand, must meet total demand [1]. On the basis of load demand, ELD is divided into two types: static ELD (SELD) and dynamic ELD (DELD). Dynamic ELD (DELD) is the case where the load varies over the time, it is known as SELD presents less complexity and contains limited constraints, for example, such as prohibited operating zones, ramp rates, etc, than DELD [2,3]. But DELD is a more complex problem. DELD has more constraints associated with the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and time periods along with the constraints of SELD [4]. DELD must tackle problems such as the charging/ discharging condition of energy storage systems, DER shut down timings, startup, and so on. | Literature reviewMany research papers are being published to provide the best cost-efficient distribution of renewable energy generation. The main objective is to offer a reference to the economy of the This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

No abstract