With the growing needs of data across the world, it almost hard to live without data a day. This is almost a blessing in disguise for the researchers working on different domains and dealing with huge amounts of data. The fog computing concept is aiming to change the scenarios created by cloud computing environments and also to make the data-centric clouds decentralized and localized. Fog devices contain only specific information that is frequently used in it and generally the size of the data in fog device is very less in comparison with cloud server. Fog stores only those data, which are frequently used by the users, rest it takes from the cloud itself. The motivation toward this field to make the data flow in various domain seamless and hassle free. Fog computing can be thought as an intermediate between the users and the cloud server, which connects end users easily and thus reduces the latency of the services. This paper discusses the three layered data flow architecture for fog computing and it proposes several novel architectures such as energy lattices, MediFog, UXFog, connected parking system, and FoAgro to utilize the concept of fog computing. K E Y W O R D Scloud computing, fog computing, security challenges

Healthcare has been the industry with the highest boom in terms of both revenue and data. With so much of electronic health records, the security has been the need of the hour. To make this critical information more secure, there has been an urge to use the blockchain technology. Therefore, researches came up with a solution of blockchain technology in medical healthcare that will not only protect data from being tampered but will also ensure that the data leakage is stopped. This technology could preserve data and thus guarantee reliability. And if this technology is used along with cloud computing technology, problems related to storage can also be vanished, because cloud is trusted for storing and managing data. Also, the blockchain can address the security issues of the cloud. Indeed, medical data sharing and storing with Blockchain-based cloud can address a lot of issues of medical data. The main aim of this paper is to present the current state-of-the-art on blockchain-based medical healthcare system. We have clearly discussed several existing works on the same domain and also presented a comparative study among the published works.

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Software defined networking (SDN) can be understood as a software control system, built over a centralized system that controls a network's forwarding rule. SDN can be used in an enterprise, in a data center, or even in a household. It was the solution to one of the biggest problems when at times we had to do the manual configuration of all the devices. SDN has not only made networks easier to manage but it has also made it secure. SDN is based on logical centralization that again brings a wide range of challenging scenarios related to security threats. So, there is a need to bring a new way to address this problem. In this paper, we embrace a thorough overview of the latest works that applies security to SDN, proposed an advanced secure software defined network architecture and then, evaluated its performance with the existing models using mininet tool.