Topography refers to the physical appearance of an area, particularly the land surface. Topography significantly influences rainfall-runoff and soil erosion processes. Thus, topographic information is one of the most important factors in hydrological and erosion studies. Detailed information on the land surface shape is typically included in a topographic map, in which a broad-scale quantitative representation of relief features is generally using contour lines or a digital elevation model. Microtopography describes the microvariations in a surface elevation that is much smaller than the hillslope scale caused by natural processes and human activities. Because it is very difficult to measure the spatial variations in microtopography and store the data owing to the limitation of memory resources and resolution, they are typically not presented in a topographic map. In addition, because the generation and evolution of runoff and erosion by rainfall are highly complex processes affected by remarkable geological factors such as hillslope scale, slope angle, rainfall pattern, vegetation, and soil properties such as soil structure, organic matter, texture, and mineralogy, relatively little information is available on the effects of microtopography on soil erosion. Nevertheless, it is well known that microtopography is one of the factors that significantly affect infiltration, rainfall-runoff, soil erosion, seeding practice, and properties of the soil system (e.g., topsoil pH, soil seals, and crusts) on the hillslope scale (