The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as an apexification material when used in non-vital immature permanent incisors in children. Fifteen children with a mean age of 11.7 years and 17 non-vital permanent incisors were ajudged suitable for inclusion. Standard endodontic procedures were followed and an apical plug of 3-4 mm was created by using MTA after a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing had been applied for at least 1 week. Final obturation was completed by using thermoplastisized Gutta-Percha (Obtura II) at least 1 week following MTA placement. Subjects were reviewed clinically and radiographically at 3-month intervals. Mean follow-up time for MTA was 12.53 months (+/-2.94 SD). Of the total of 17 teeth treated, MTA placement was considered to be adequate in 13 teeth. The procedure showed clinical success in 94.1% of the cases, radiographic success was found to be 76.5% and in further three cases (17.6%) the outcome was considered to be uncertain. This is one of the very few studies that have reported the out coming of MTA as an apexification material in children with non-vital teeth and incomplete root development. However, larger clinical studies are required to evaluate the long-term success of this procedure.

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