As the only de novo measure of health-related quality of life developed specifically for AUD, the AQoLS offers the potential of increased sensitivity to show the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions from the patient's perspective.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption carries a risk of adverse personal, social, and health effects. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. The aim of this study was to determine the patient-perceived impact of AUD. MethOds: Focus groups were conducted with a sample of patients with current or remitted AUD in the UK and France to identify key areas of impact from the patient perspective. The groups were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. Results: Ten focus groups were conducted with a total of 38 patients (20 current AUD, 18 remitted AUD; 26 male, 12 female; age range 23-69 years). All patients met the diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) for alcohol dependence. Patients characterised their relationship with alcohol as an ongoing battle for control. The cycle of consumption and dependence permeated most areas of patients' lives, with often devastating consequences. Seven key areas of impact of AUD were identified: social and personal relationships; household, family and social activities; selfcare and personal safeguarding; emotional well-being; control over life, self and alcohol; financial and housing situation; and sleep disturbance. The impact of AUD continued even after patients stopped drinking; remitted patients described the ongoing battle to remain abstinent, and the lasting legacy of damaged relationships and feelings of low self-worth. cOnclusiOns: AUD has considerable impact on many areas of patients' lives, particularly relationships, and feelings of control and self-worth, which can continue even after abstinence has been achieved. From the patient perspective, drinking cessation or reduced consumption may not be the most relevant outcome to determine treatment benefit. There is a clear need for measures that can quantify the humanistic outcomes associated with AUD. Objectives: To compare Quality of Life (QOL) and societal costs in an ADHD population to a control group representing the general population. MethOds: An online cross-sectional retrospective study among parents of children with ADHD was conducted via Balans, a Dutch ADHD organization. Because of large differences in responder groups in the initial study, comparison with a control group was added to understand the impact of ADHD compared to the general population in greater detail. Therefore, a separate online research among parents of children without ADHD or any other chronic disease was performed. The control group was selected on the basis of pre-defined characteristics in order to match the ADHD group. QoL (EQ-5D for children and parents and KIDSCREEN-10 for children) and societal costs (TiC-P) were surveyed based on proxy reporting. In this study, monthly resource use of patients and their parents was identified. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and Chi-square for p-values (sig. 2-tailed) were used for analysis on significance in differen...

Sports related facial injuries are most prevalent amongst young men aged 16–30 yrs, with male to female injury ratios as high as 19:1. The most common site of injury is the mandible followed by the mid-face. The severity of injury can have a detrimental effect on health and return to sport. Differences in facial structure and strength may be a key element to the success or failure of protective equipment in relation to these injuries. Twenty six healthy male adults (14 Caucasian (C), 12 African Caribbean (AC); mean age (21 ± 1.7 y)) were matched for height (1.79 ± 0.08 cm) and mass (84 ± 16.4 kg). All participants had bone mineral density (BMD) measurements obtained by a Discovery QDR DXA scanner (Hologic Inc, USA). Measurements were taken at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and facial sites; mandibular ramus (R) and body (Mb). Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted on both groups. Mean BMD for R were 0.65 ± 0.28 g/cm2 for C and 0.92 ± 0.25 g/cm2 for AC, Mb were 1.40 ± 0.34 g/cm2 for C and 1.45 ± 0.36 g/cm2 for AC. A significant (F = 3.752, p < 0.05) ethnicity affect was detected across all BMD sites with the highest significance at the ramus (p < 0.0125). Correlations between BMD for the two facial sites were not statistically significant for the C group (r = 0.323, p > 0.05), but was for the AC group (r = 0.636, p < 0.05). Whole body analyses showed no significant correlations (p > 0.05) between facial sites and FN or LS BMD for either cohort. Mean R and Mb was higher in the AC than C group but both demonstrated high and low values. Mandibular BMD has previously been assessed in osteoporosis and implant design studies. Thus, individuals with lower BMD could be more susceptible to facial injury, particularly if they do not wear facial protection or compete in sports where weight maintenance is important. Our findings highlight that some individuals may be more susceptible to facial injury and therefore, facial protection in sport should be worn and more customised to the individual.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption carries a risk of adverse personal, social, and health effects. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. The aim of this study was to determine the patient-perceived impact of AUD. MethOds: Focus groups were conducted with a sample of patients with current or remitted AUD in the UK and France to identify key areas of impact from the patient perspective. The groups were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. Results: Ten focus groups were conducted with a total of 38 patients (20 current AUD, 18 remitted AUD; 26 male, 12 female; age range 23-69 years). All patients met the diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) for alcohol dependence. Patients characterised their relationship with alcohol as an ongoing battle for control. The cycle of consumption and dependence permeated most areas of patients' lives, with often devastating consequences. Seven key areas of impact of AUD were identified: social and personal relationships; household, family and social activities; selfcare and personal safeguarding; emotional well-being; control over life, self and alcohol; financial and housing situation; and sleep disturbance. The impact of AUD continued even after patients stopped drinking; remitted patients described the ongoing battle to remain abstinent, and the lasting legacy of damaged relationships and feelings of low self-worth. cOnclusiOns: AUD has considerable impact on many areas of patients' lives, particularly relationships, and feelings of control and self-worth, which can continue even after abstinence has been achieved. From the patient perspective, drinking cessation or reduced consumption may not be the most relevant outcome to determine treatment benefit. There is a clear need for measures that can quantify the humanistic outcomes associated with AUD.Objectives: To compare Quality of Life (QOL) and societal costs in an ADHD population to a control group representing the general population. MethOds: An online cross-sectional retrospective study among parents of children with ADHD was conducted via Balans, a Dutch ADHD organization. Because of large differences in responder groups in the initial study, comparison with a control group was added to understand the impact of ADHD compared to the general population in greater detail. Therefore, a separate online research among parents of children without ADHD or any other chronic disease was performed. The control group was selected on the basis of pre-defined characteristics in order to match the ADHD group. QoL (EQ-5D for children and parents and KIDSCREEN-10 for children) and societal costs (TiC-P) were surveyed based on proxy reporting. In this study, monthly resource use of patients and their parents was identified. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and Chi-square for p-values (sig. 2-tailed) were used for analysis on significance in difference...