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Background: Oral cavity is a common site for various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Majority of lesions were neoplastic. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption were the common risk factors implicated in the etiology of malignant oral lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common lesion of the oral cavity. Aims&Objectives: To study the clinicopathological lesions of the oral cavity with respect to age, gender, location, clinical presentation, histopathological patterns and various risk factors. Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 274 oral cavity lesions conducted for period of 2 years from January 2019 to December 2020 in the department of pathology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Results: In our study, the age range of the patients was from 3 years to 87 years. Majority of cases were seen in age group of 41- 50 years. Males were more commonly affected than females with a male to female ratio of 2.51:1. Majority of oral lesions were malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common oral lesion. Tongue was the most common site involved in oral lesions. Mucocele was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion and squamous papilloma was the most common benign lesion. Leucoplakia was the most common premalignant lesion and Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant lesion. Conclusion: Majority of oral lesions were malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common oral lesion. Early and accurate identication of potentially malignant oral lesions is important and essential for prevention of morbidity, mortality and for proper treatment of cases. Along with clinical examination and laboratory investigations, histopathological examination is still the gold standard to establish a denitive diagnosis and for conrmation of the nature and origin of oral lesions.

BACKGROUND A variety of non - neoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx and these are very common lesions encountered in clinical practice. Histopathological examination of these lesions is the gold standard for diagnosis because management and prognosis vary among different lesions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological study of the lesions of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in relation to their incidence, age, gender and site wise distribution and to compare the results with the available data. METHODS A study of 88 cases was conducted for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2019. After fixation, Processing and Haematoxylin and Eosin staining and special stains histopathological diagnosis was made. RESULTS Among 88 total cases, 58 were males and 30 were females. A male predominance was observed with a male to female ratio of 1.93 : 1. They were more common in third, fourth and fifth decade of life. Malignant nasal lesions were seen after fourth decade of life. Nasal lesions were more common in nasal cavity (67.05 %), followed by paranasal sinuses (18.18 %) and nasopharynx (14.75). Out of 88 total cases, 39 (44.32 %) were non - neoplastic, 30 (34.09 %) were benign and 19 (21.59 %) were malignant nasal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Sinonasal lesions and nasopharyngeal lesions can have various differential diagnoses. A complete clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation helps to categorize these sinonasal lesions into various non - neoplastic and neoplastic types. But histopathological examination remains the mainstay of definitive diagnosis. KEYWORDS Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, Nasopharynx, Benign Tumours, Malignant Tumours, Histopathological Examination

BACKGROUND Nephrectomy is a common procedure in surgical practice. There are many indications for nephrectomy, non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. The common conditions being chronic pyelonephritis and renal tumours. A detailed and meticulous histopathological examination is essential to establish the diagnosis of lesions of kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS It is a retrospective study for a period of two years from January 2015 to December 2016 at a tertiary care centre. 34 cases of nephrectomy specimens were analysed and data recorded. RESULTS Non-neoplastic lesions were constituting 47.05% (16) of cases and 52.94% (18) cases were neoplastic lesions. Lesions were more common in females with male:female ratio of 1:1.4. Both the lesions were common in age group of 41-50 years. CONCLUSION The prevalence of neoplastic lesions was more common than non-neoplastic lesions. The commonest indication for nephrectomy was chronic pyelonephritis followed by renal tumours. Histopathological examination in correlation with clinical and radiological features plays a great role in subcategorisation of lesions accurately to ensure better therapy.