This paper is a result of the scientific project No.451-03-68/2020-14/200156 of Integrated and Interdisciplinary Research entitled "Innovative scientific and artistic research from the FTS (activity) domain," funded by the Republic of Serbia, Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development.

SažetakU radu se istražuje kretanje konkurentnosti industrije 212 zemalja u svetu merene iznosom dodate vrednosti industrije po stanovniku u periodu 1970-2015. Pritom su zemlje svrstane u tri grupe: a) visoko industrijalizovane privrede (51 zemlja), b) privrede u procesu industrijalizacije (33 zemlje) i c) najmanje razvijene privrede (46 zemalja) i ostale privrede u razvoju (82 zemlje), ukupno 128. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je produktivnost u industriji razvijenih zemalja skoro četiri puta veća od prosečne produktivnosti svetske industrije, što je svojevrsna potvrda njihove konkurentne superiornosti. Ovi rezultati su takođe u skladu sa tezom u ekonomskoj teoriji da se na visokom nivou bruto domaćeg proizvoda po glavi stanovnika unapređenje konkurentnosti industrije dominantno temelji na stvaranju sposobnosti. Ključne reči: industrija, kapacitet industrije, dodata vrednost industrije, industrijska produktivnost, konkurentnost industrije AbstractThe paper investigates the shifts of competitiveness of industry in 212 countries measured by the amount of manufacturing value added per capita during the period from 1970 to 2015. Thereby the countries are classified in three groups: a) highly industrialised economies (51 countries), b) emerging industrial countries and economies (33 countries), and c) the least developed economies (46 countries) and other developing economies (82 countries), making a total of 128 countries. The obtained results show that productivity in industry of the developed countries is four times higher than the average productivity of the world industry, which is a specific confirmation of their competitive superiority. These results are also in accordance with the thesis that on a high level of gross domestic product per capita, the improvement of competitiveness of industry is predominantly based on the creation of capabilities.

After explaining the content coverage and elementary explanation of the basic dimensions of the paradigm of sustainable development, the concept of sustainability is considered in the light of preserving the total amount of capital in the production process, assuming no technological change and population growth. The research task set in this way brought to the fore the extremely complex question of the substitutability of produced and natural capital (stocks of natural resources and carrying capacity of the environment). The answer to it is directly related to the concept of weak and strong sustainability. The concept of poor sustainability allows substitutability between produced and natural capital, provided that the total amount of available capital does not decrease. On the contrary, the concept of strong sustainability implies a special observation of produced and natural capital. It practically eliminates the possibility of replacing one form of capital with another in the production process and from the point of view of the development economy is the only acceptable option in the long run. If unlimited substitution between natural and produced capital is allowed, then natural resources will eventually be depleted due to the creation of produced capital.

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