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The leaves were collected from Tirumala hills. The voucher number is 1146. ExtractionThe collected whole plant of Tephrosia villosa was washed thoroughly with water and dried in the shade. The dried powder was defatted with n-hexane using Soxhlet apparatus. The defatted powder was dried at room temperature and then extracted using 95% ethanol by continuous hot percolation until the clear liquid was obtained in the siphon tube. After completing the extraction, the solvent was removed by steam distillation method to get a solid mass. After obtaining the Whole plant of Tephrosia villosa extract, the phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the various components in the extract.

Objective: This study aimed to know the proportion of new-onset of anosmia and to find its diagnostic significance in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients attending the hospital.Study design and duration: The Indian smell test in COVID-19 by AIIMS Raipur (ISCA-R) was developed for evaluating olfaction in the Indian population. The olfactory function was assessed using the corona scale on anosmia AIIMS Raipur (COSANAr).Results: Out of 256 patients, 171 were males and 85 were females. In the majority of the patients, 75 (29.29%), the COSANAr score "0" was higher on the day of admission compared to the score "3" on the day of discharge with 61 (23.82%) patients. There was no improvement in 134 (52.34%) patients with loss of smell at the time of discharge.Conclusion: This study is a step forward in identifying anosmia by ISCA-R at the early stages of the COVID phase. The COSANAr is affordable for the Indian population. It is noticed that most of the patients have mild hyposmia at the time of discharge and anosmia at the admission time.

BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis has been infesting the universe for a while back, often with no prompt treatments. The disease devastation is spreading at an alarming rate. Many researchers are still hoping for a good potential drug that could help the healthcare system in this tussle. Molecular docking is an in silico tool that has gained popularity over the last few decades. Knowing the mechanism of enzymatic action is aided by imitating membrane protein actions in binding ligands. AIM: The aim of this perspective is to determine whether an existing drug, daclatasvir, has antifungal activity. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this in silico study was to investigate the potential effects of the binding affinity of daclatasvir with the crucial protein (1XFF) of mucormycosis, as well as the binding pattern of the active site amino acids with the drug molecule. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To calculate the binding affinity of daclatasvir to the fungal protein 1XFF, Auto Dock Vina was used for molecular docking studies. The CDOCKER protocol was used to determine the receptor-ligand interaction by configuring various parameters. RESULTS: The docking energy of the ligand (daclatasvir) on the protein (1XFF) was found to be -16.7216 kcal/mol, while the interaction energy was found to be - 42.1314 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION: The binding pattern completely alters the dynamics of the protein, resulting in the breakdown of the fungal wall. The vital protein (1XFF) of Rhizopus oryzae is proposed as a possible protein target for the non-structural protein 5A inhibitor/antiviral drug daclatasvir in this study.

OBJECTIVE The study was started in our institution to analyze the clinical problem and identify the benefits and drawbacks of current practices associated with drug re-dosing after vomitting. Opinions and perspectives from health care professionals from various pediatric hospitals were also gathered to build an effective and systematic protocol. METHODS Survey participants were recruited by using email distribution lists and forums catering to health care. Using this, 2 online surveys were carried out in the window period of 6 months. RESULTS Of the 14 responses from the study hospitals that were suitable for analysis, 64.2% reported pediatric patients that vomited after being administered oral medications: 7.1% faced this daily, 35.7% weekly, and 21.4% monthly. When respondents were asked to rate the importance of 8 factors potentially affecting the decision to re-dose, more than half indicated that the patient's vitals and condition (stable, unstable, or critical) were most important (57.4%), followed by time after ingestion (50%), familiarity with medication (42.8%), and formulation of medication (42.8%). Of 43 respondents from other institutions, only 11.9% had a functioning guideline for re-dosing in their institution. CONCLUSIONS Health care professional respondents to our surveys listed the time between ingestion and vomiting and the condition of the patient as the most important factors in their decision to re-dose the medication.