Introduction: In humans, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can damage some tissue when the immune systems was decrease. Natural product from the plant often used to improve immune response against microorganism including virus. This study aimed to determine the potential antioxidant of lemongrass extract (C . nardus) with various dosage that can provide immunomodulatory effects and find an optimal dosage to be used.  Methods: The method used observasional analytic, using animal model of 30 male mice strain BALB/C, weight 25-30 gram, divided into 5 groups; the positive control group was given 0.05 mL of  0.05% CMC within 14 days, negative control group was given IMBOOST® tablet 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) within 14 days, treatment groups  were given C. nardus extract with various doses 50 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, and 300 mg/kg bw.  In day 21 all group were injected with 0,2 ml of  pathogen bacterial (S. aureus). Blood samples were taken three times: 7th day, 14th day, and 21th day. Results: The results showed that lemongrass extract (C. nardus) was able to influence the leukocyte and lymphocytes count with significant different (p<0.05). The optimal dose is 150 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The antioxidant compounds that contain in the C. nardus extract have an ability to increasing the immune system in the dose 150 mg/kg bw , but in the dose 300 mg/kg bw became toxic that can make a skin injury or death in animal test.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the conformity of diabetes mellitus (DM) actual cost with the rate of Indonesia Case-Based Groups (INA-CBGs) among Universal Health Coverage (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional - JKN) and non-JKN patients diagnosed with DM. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was observational and analytic. It recruited DM inpatients with or without JKN. The data were analysed to identify the total actual cost of DM management among inpatients. Results: The results showed that the average cost for treating inpatient with diabetes mellitus at classes 1, 2, and 3 was IDR 2,677,003±906,406, IDR 2,881,023±851,483, and IDR 2,323,768±802,828, respectively. A positive difference of 378,509,126 was found between the actual cost and the INA-CBGs rate in 101 patients. There was a discrepancy between the real cost and the INA-CBGs rate for all treatment classes and the treatment levels. Factors influencing the real cost of treatment for DM were the length of stay and the severity level.