The government is trying to encourage the use of renewable energy, one of which is from waste to energy power plant. Efforts to accelerate the development of the plant are carried out through Presidential Regulation Number 35 of 2018. However, only one plant has been operating commercially since May 6th, 2021. This study aims to describe the development, the obstacles, and whether the plant is a solution to meet electricity needs or environmental problems. Through qualitative research, we found that the plant in Surabaya has been operating commercially; the plants in Surakarta and DKI Jakarta are in the construction stage; the plants in Palembang and Tangerang are in the stage of confirming the developer, and the rest are still on auction stage, Pre- Feasibility Study, Outline Business Case, or Final Business Case. The high tipping fee, limited local government budget, overestimation of potential for waste as electricity, limited competent human resources, the high selling price of the plant electricity, and no bankable guarantee for investment are obstacles to the plant development. The thermal plant is an instant solution for cities with above 1.000 ton/day waste and limited land for landfills. In the future, there should be regulatory support through the Renewable Energy Bill to overcome the obstacles. In addition, there should be a careful calculation of the energy potential of waste, a minimum budget allocation of 2–3% for waste management and preparing capable human resources, providing adequate waste collection and transportation infrastructure, and educating the public on sorting waste. AbstrakPemerintah berupaya mendorong pemanfaatan energi terbarukan, salah satunya dengan membangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa). Upaya mempercepat pembangunan PLTSa dilakukan melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 35 Tahun 2018. Namun, hingga 6 Mei 2021 hanya satu PLTSa telah beroperasi secara komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perkembangan pembangunan PLTSa, kendala-kendala dan permasalahan pengembangannya, dan apakah PLTSa solusi pemenuhan kebutuhan listrik atau mengatasi masalah lingkungan. Melalui penelitian kualitatif, diketahui 1 PLTSa sudah beroperasi secara komersial (di Surabaya), 2 PLTSa dalam tahap konstruksi (di Surakarta dan DKI Jakarta), 2 PLTSa dalam tahap sudah ada pengembang (di Palembang dan Tangerang), dan sisanya masih dalam tahap lelang, Pre-Feasibility Study, Outline Business Case, atau Final Business Case. Lambatnya pembangunan PLTSa terjadi karena tingginya tipping fee, anggaran pemerintah daerah terbatas, over estimasi potensi listrik dari sampah, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia yang kapabel, tingginya harga jual listrik PLTSa, tidak adanya insentif bagi pengembang, dan tidak adanya jaminan bankable untuk investasi. PLTSa termal merupakan solusi instan mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan untuk kota dengan produksi sampah di atas 1.000 ton/hari dan keterbatasan lahan untuk TPA. Untuk itu, perlu ada dukungan regulasi melalui RUU EBT mengenai harga jual listrik PLTSa yang bersaing, insentif bagi pengembang PLTSa, dan jaminan bankable untuk investasi PLTSa. Selain itu, perlu ada perhitungan secara cermat potensi energi dari sampah, alokasi APBD minimal 2–3% untuk pengelolaan sampah, dan menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang kapabel, menyediakan sarana prasarana pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah yang memadai, dan mengedukasi masyarakat untuk memilah sampah.
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