No abstract

Since the 1990s, Jakarta city planning has introduced Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as solution to dominant auto-mobility and sprawl to regional cities in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (JABODETABEK) by improving accessibility and inter-connectivity in urban mobility. Nevertheless, less has been investigated to what extent the on-going implementation in TOD projects departs from the means of TOD as planning approach in response to the urban problems. This paper aims to investigate TOD concept and implementation in Jakarta by proposing a comparative study on TOD in Japan and JABODETABEK, by using desk study in the planning documents and TOD projects. In each case, the investigation focuses on three sections; planning, implementation, and output. This paper reveals that the current TOD projects in Jakarta are based on single land development within proximity of TOD stations that maximizes private development benefits. Therefore, it concludes that the “TOD” projects in Jakarta have not yet met the TOD principles as a planning approach in response to the urban sprawls and integrated development.

Kota Tua is one of the most popular Transit-Oriented Development heritage areas in Jakarta. Kali Besar Corridor, as part of Kota Tua, was revitalized to improve the visitors’ experiences. Due to its proximity to other historical sites, Jakarta Kota station, and availability of Transjakarta bus stops, tourist and visitors expect easy access. However, some buildings are unoccupied and slowly deteriorated, despite the possibility to enhance its functionality. Accordingly, this paper examines to what extent Kali Besar Revitalisation Project meets the visitors’ and tourists’ cumulative satisfaction regarding connectivity and accessibility aspects, for possibility in future intensification in this area. It takes mixed methods between qualitative and quantitative methods, including direct observation and online surveys. The results suggest that 57 percent of visitors were commuting by public transport, and 66 percent pleased by the accessibility of public transport. Despite this moderate satisfaction rate of passengers in public transport services for accessibility and interconnection between public transport hub with pedestrian ways and tourist spots along the Kali Besar corridor, the simple cross-tabulation analysis concluded that respondents’ satisfaction has less impact in their future visit on loyalty. In conclusion, the connectivity and accessibility factors along the Kali Besar Corridor and its nearby area are supporting the idea of TOD and opening the potential sustainable urban development in the future, especially in the tourism heritage area. However, some improvements need to be done to ensure the basic aspects of pedestrian ways, such as safety, security, and comfort level of visitors are well-achieved.