Background: Stunting is a high-priority malnutrition problem globally. The COVID-19 pandemic was predicted to increase hunger and worsen the condition of stunted children. Purpose: To determine the socioeconomic factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 months before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Magelang Regency. Methods: This study used a case-control design from August to November 2021. Subjects were children under five aged 24-59 months from the Magelang Regency. The subjects consisted of 162 stunted children and 166 normal children. The nutritional status screening was derived from e-PPGBM data, and was further validated through repeated anthropometric measurements. Phone interviews with mothers or trustees were done to obtain primary data. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test and declared significant if the p-value was below 0.05. Results: Socioeconomic status factors significantly related to stunting before the COVID-19 pandemic were family income below the region’s minimum wage (cOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.31-3.64), incapability to fulfill food and household needs (cOR = 2; 95% CI = 1.25-3.23), and incapability to save income (cOR = 2; 95% CI = 1.32-3.33). During the COVID-19 pandemic, a socioeconomic factor that was found to be significantly related to stunting was incapability to fulfill food and household needs (cOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1-2.46). Conclusion: Low family income and incapability to fulfill food and household needs was strongly associated with stunting. Improvements to community empowerment and stunting prevention programs in response to COVID-19 need to be made to prevent new stunting cases.

Background: The morbidity and mortality rate for children under five in Indonesia is high in eastern Indonesia. Incomplete coverage of basic immunization for children under five can increase the risk of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD). As a province in eastern Indonesia, the coverage of complete basic immunization in Papua is low. Purpose: This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and healthcare factors among children who default to complete basic immunizations in Papua. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The sample was children aged 12-35 months who live in the Census Blocks (BS) of Riskesdas 2018 in Papua Province and selected to be the sample of Riskesdas 2018. Totally 453 children were included. Bivariate analysis of the data was using Chi-Square test and multivariate with logistic regression. Results: The result showed that the prevalence rate for defaulting basic immunization was 71.74%. Sociodemographic factors that increased incomplete basic immunization were poor economic families (OR=1.97; 95% CI=1.10-3.56) and low maternal education (OR=2.00; 95%CI=1.09-3.65). Meanwhile, healthcare factors like no immunization card (OR=6.82; 95%CI=2.65-17.56) and not being born in a healthcare facility (OR=6.05; 95%CI=3.14-11.66) become the strongest factors that increase the risk of incomplete basic immunization. Conclusion: This study indicates that sociodemographic and healthcare factors could increase the risk of incomplete basic immunization in Papua. It is important to actively improve healthcare services and educate people about the importance of immunization to reduce the risk of incomplete basic immunization for children in Papua.