Copper nanoparticles makes important progress in the area of nanotechnology and nanomedicine due to their good optical, electrical and anti-fungal/bacterial application. It is prepared using some methods such as vacuum vapour deposition, microwave irradiation methods, chemical reduction and laser ablation. The chemical reduction method is simple, inexpensive and gives a liable control of geometrical nanoparticle characteristics like size and shape. 20 millimolar of 80 ml copper sulphate prepared using double distilled water. The plant extract is added with the metal solution and was made into 100 ml solution. The synthesised nanoparticles solution is preliminarily characterized by using UV- vis-spectroscopy, 3ml of the solution is taken in curette and scanned in double beam UV-vis- spectrophotometer from 300 nm to 700 nm wavelength. The agar well diffusion method is used. Different concentration of Cu NPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans (gram +), Enterococcus sp and Pseudomonas sp. The result reveals that Moringa Oleifera mediated with copper nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity. CuNPs ex significantly higher activity with an increase in the zone of inhibition diameter. The plant extract is observed to be dark green, and the copper nanoparticles are seen to be in light greenish in colour. They can be used in toothpaste and oral medicines due to their antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles are expected to be used in future for the effective drug systems and immunity against diseases.

Background: Patients today seeking esthetic treatment are looking for enhancement of their appearance for improved quality of life. We advocate the use of the term “appearance” in conjunction with the term “esthetics'' because it involves a broader assessment of the patient other than the smile. So, in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning we have created an approach in evaluation divided into three divisions:1 Macro Esthetics—this includes the profile, vertical facial dimensions—in other words—the face. (2)Mini Esthetics—the smile attributes—buccal corridors, smile arc, incisor display, etc. (3) Micro esthetics—the teeth and their many attributes such as contacts and connectors, embrasures, gingival shape and contour.Aim: The aim of this is to the micro esthetics in patients reporting for orthodontic treatment in Saveetha Dental College.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective clinical study carried out at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. This study involves the assessment of micro esthetics in patients reporting for orthodontics treatment. The data were taken over a period of 2 years from June 2019 to February 2021. The sample/data were retrieved based on micro esthetics , crown length and width ratio, gingival embrasures, midline, tooth shape.Results: According to the study 66% of the individuals had different crown length and crown width ratio and 34% of individuals had the same crown length and crown width ratio. Most of the patients had midline deviations.Conclusion: Within the limits of the study most of the patients have micro esthetic assessment after orthodontic treatment.

The mandible is one of the unique bones and is the only movable component of mastication. The mental foramen is a small round/oval structure present in the mandible. Determining the position of is important for both diagnostic and clinical procedure. The aim of the current study is to analyze the position and symmetry of mental foramen in orthopantomogram (OPG). This is a retrospective clinical study carried out at Private dental institution. This study involves the analysis of orthopantomogram (OPGs) that were taken over a period of one year, from June 2019 to March 2000. A total of 500 OPGs were reviewed and retrieved and the position and symmetry of mental foramen (right and left) were examined. The collected data were subsequently analyzed in SPSS with p<0.05 as statistically significant. In this study, the position of mental foramen in both males and females was found to be between the first and second premolar for both male and female. The mental foramen was mostly found to be asymmetrical for both male and female (68.29% and 56.61% respectively), p-value 0.08 > 0.05, negative correlation. Thus, identification of the mental foramen is important for both diagnostic and clinical procedures.