Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the crude hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanolic stem bark extract of Pisonia grandis. Methods:The evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent, and aluminum chloride assay, respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed for porcine pancreatic α-amylase for the stem bark of P. grandis.Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids in all the three extracts. The antioxidant activity showed 148.2 µg/ml, total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent), 0.0665±0.0002 mg/g, flavonoid content (quercetin equivalent), 0.6061±0.1817 mg/g, and inhibitory concentration 50% values were found to be 40.42 µg/ml and showed better in ethyl acetate extract. The antidiabetic activity exhibited mimic action with insulin due to the presence of pinnatol in the stem bark and leaves of P. grandis. Conclusion:P. grandis stem bark crude ethyl acetate extract showed strong antioxidant activity, high phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antimicrobial activity was studied in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains against ampicillin and rifampicin as reference drugs. Antidiabetic activity shows effective result by α-amylase inhibitory activity.

Pisonia grandis R.Br belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae is a widely distributed evergreen tree in India known for its medicinal uses. The study was aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic property in the leaves of Pisonia grandis R.Br. The isolation and purification were performed by the conventional column chromatography and the resultant yield was found to be a white crystalline powder, which was further subjected for characterization through IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy. From the characterization data, the isolated compound was identified as stigmasterol, it was first time isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves. The α-amylase inhibitory activity of stigmasterol from the hexane extract of the leaves of Pisonia grandis R.Br showed high potent activity with an IC50 value of 46μg/ml. The anti-diabetic activity of the compound against α-amylase and four other diabetic enzymes- α-glucosidase acid phosphatase, endo-β-N acetaglucosaminidase and β-glucuronidase were further investigated by molecular docking studies and proved that stigmasterol can be a potential anti-diabetic agent.

Manasamitra Vatakam a classical formulation texted in Sahasrayogam selected for the quantification of possible chemical constituents present in available four marketed preparations. An effective, validated, and comprehensive liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 12 phytoconstituents namely; Berberine, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Vitexin, Rutin, Myricetin, Andrographolide, Naringenin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, Piperine, and Galangin present in the formulation. The compounds were analyzed using Quadrupole analyzer for determination and photo diode array identification was used as a confirmatory tool. The elution process was executed on Agilent Eclipse C18 column with solvent system of 0.1% acetic acid solution and methanol with gradient elution and flow rate purged at 0.8 mL min–1. The calibration curves of the analytes showed good linearity with r2 ≥ 0.99. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and parameters were found within the permissible limits. The content of the markers identified were quantified for all the four formulations. Of all the markers identified berberine was found to be in larger quantity, i.e., 129.1–216.8 μg/mg and andrographolide was quantified with least content, i.e., 3.3–7.8 μg/mg. In conclusion, the developed method provides best fit for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of phytoconstituents and thus provide a rapid tool for determination in divergent ayurvedic formulations.