Macrostomia is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of fusion of maxillary and mandibular process. It is a rare congenital deformity with an incidence of 1 in 60,000 to 1 in 300,000 live births. Transverse facial clefts are more common on right side of face in unilateral cases. Males are more affected than females. Various surgical techniques have been described in the literature for the correction of these defects. We report a case of macrostomia corrected with Z-plasty closure for skin, overlapping muscle closure, and triangular mucosal flap for commissure, with a review on existing techniques.

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a biomaterial that promotes wound healing. It has a fibrinous matrix wherein platelets, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and various growth factors along with few cells are entrapped while Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic biopolymeric material that is derived from an animal product, chitin. It has demonstrated biological properties which include acceleration in wound healing, hemostasis, enhancement of immunological response, mucosal adhesion by eliciting biological responses, and anti-microbial action. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRF and Axiostat (A chitosan-based product) on hemostasis after tooth extraction among cardiac patients on antiplatelet medication. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 300 patients undergoing tooth extraction. Participants were divided into two categories (n = 150, respectively) as Group I (PRF dressing) and Group II (Axiostat dressing). Time to achieve hemostasis was observed using a stopwatch. Average pain score calculation was performed using visual analog on the 7-day postoperative period. Descriptive statistics were done, and data analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. P < 0.5 and < 0.001 were considered statistically significant and extremely significant, respectively. Results: Average pain score was 1.86 ± 0.06 in Group I and 1.05 ± 0.87 in Group II. Thus, lower postoperative pain was seen with Axiostat dressing. Hemostasis was achieved in Group II participants in 1.25 ± 0.06 min and in 1.89 ± 0.54 min in Group I. P < 0.01 was obtained, although no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain scores (P = 0.8) was seen. Conclusion: Chitosan is a superior wound dressing material in achieving hemostasis in cardiac patients on antiplatelet medication after tooth extraction.

Dislocation of mandibular condyles can occur following excessive mouth opening or traumatic injury to the temporomandibular joint. It can also occur during general anesthesia that at times may go un-noticed in the modern-day theater setup. Here, we describe a case of bilateral dislocation of mandibular condyle following orotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. Right condyle was dislocated into temporal fossa.

A cyst is defined as a pathological cavity which may or may not have an epithelial lining and which has a fluid, semi-fluid, or gaseous contents and is not formed by accumulation of pus. The calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst (CEOC) was first reported by Gorlin et al . in 1962. At that time, it was classified as a cyst related to the odontogenic apparatus. It was later renamed as calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) in the World Health Organization classification devised in 2005 due to its histological complexity, morphological diversity, and aggressive proliferation. CCOT was later recognized by numerous names including Gorlin cyst, calcifying ghost cell odontogenic cyst, and/or dentinogenic ghost cell tumor. It has a peak incidence during the second and third decades of life and does not demonstrate any gender predilection. Radiographically, CEOC may appear as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion with either well-circumscribed or poorly-defined margins and may also be observed in association with unerupted teeth. Calcification is an important radiographic feature for the interpretation of CEOC/CCOT. The typical histopathological features of CEOC include a fibrous wall and lining of odontogenic epithelium with either columnar or cuboidal basal cells resembling ameloblasts. The treatment of choice for CEOC is conservative surgical enucleation, however, recurrence is also not found to be uncommon. Herein, we are reporting a case of the same in a 21-year-old female which was a great dilemma during the diagnostic work-up.

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