Introduction: The highly contagious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has spread across the globe. For the aberrant changes in the lung parenchyma, thin-section chest Computed Tomography (CT) is more sensitive than chest radiography and can identify early disease. Increased CT usage and resolution also lead to an increase in the discovery of "incidental" findings, creating questions about additional research, diagnosis, and follow-up with associated financial and emotional costs. Aim: To evaluate the non COVID-19 lung pathologies and other system findings in High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest done for COVID-19 screening study. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India, from May 2021 to December 2021. The CT scan was done in a craniocaudal direction with an average exposure time of 4-6 seconds, slice thickness of 5 mm and 1.5 mm in mediastinal and lung windows. A total of 1000 HRCT scans done were examined for covid screening. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were represented with percentages. Results: A total of 348 cases were found with various other pathologies incidentally. Lesions like infectious and inflammatory lesions, metabolic diseases, tumours, metastases of various systems and fractures were found. Among 348 total cases with incidental findings 98 cases (28.1%) showed non COVID-19 lung pathologies, 114 cases (32.7%) had findings in the upper abdomen, 30 cases (8.6%) in the thyroid, and three cases (0.8%) had other findings. Conclusion: The HRCT chest screening for COVID-19 not only provided the status of pulmonary infection but gave a broad view of many other system pathologies like in upper abdomen, musculoskeletal system, thyroid, breast which were found incidentally. Identifying those pathologies and correlating them with history will help in early detection and management.

MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective observational study was carried out on 80 patients in SS institute of medical sciences, Davangere, Karnataka with main source of data for the study were patients from S.S. Institute of medical sciences Davangere and clinical inputs, illustrations from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical college, Bangalore. The study period was 2 years (May 2017 to May 2019). This study was based on prospective analysis of 40 patients with clinical diagnosis of perianal fistulae. This MRI preoperative analysis of perianal fistulae revealed total 40 patients with fistulous tract. The principle objective of this study was to classify the perianal A B S T R A C T Introduction: A fistula-in-ano is an abnormal hollow tract or cavity that is lined with granulation tissue and that connects a primary opening inside the anal canal to a secondary opening in the perianal skin; secondary tracts may be multiple and can extend from the same primary opening. Radiograph and Computed tomography has become obsolete investigation. In this study we gave an outline of classification of perianalfistulae and present a pictorial assay of sphincter anatomy and USG, MRI findings inperianal fistulae. Material and methods: This prospective study had been carried out with main source of data for the study were patients from S.S. Institute of medical sciences Davangere and clinical inputs, illustrations from Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Medical college, Bangalore. This study is based on prospective analysis of 40 patients with clinical diagnosis of perianal fistulae. Results: In the present study, On Radiological evaluation we found that-In 40cases 32 patients had single tract (80%), 8 cases had multiple tracts (20%). 38 cases(95%) had single external opening, rest of 2 cases (5%) multiple external opening. 33(82.2%) cases shows ramification. 26 cases (65%) intersphincteric fistulae seen. 12cases (30%) Transphincteric fistulae seen.2 cases (5%) extrasphincteric fistulae seen. The 8 cases were presented with swelling. Conclusion: Radiograph and computed tomography do not provide much details and can be consider as obsolete investigation. The endo-anal ultrasound approach was entirely helpful for evaluating the sphincteric course of fistula, but gives no mind about the extrasphincteric course which made magnetic resonance imaging more acceptable technique for evaluating perianal fistula since it presents an estimate about the extrasphincteric course. MR imaging provides precise location of the fistulous track, and its relationship to pelvic floor and the sphincter complex and helps in the identification of secondary tracks and abscesses. Hence forth the present study showed that MR imaging provides precise location of the fistulous track, and its relationship to pelvic floor and the sphincter complex and helps in the identification of secondary tracks and abscesses

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