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Spinal cord injury patients are at increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis and may require percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of large stone burdens. Our objective was to compare outcomes of PCNL in SCI patients as compared to a matched cohort of non-SCI patients. Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database for Florida and California were used to identify patients by ICD-9 codes who underwent PCNL between 2007 and 2011. SCI was identified by having a paralysis diagnosis on the chronic comorbidity indicator. One-to-one matching was performed based on age, race, gender, presence of preoperative UTI, and major comorbidities. Of the 39,868 unique patients identified, who underwent PCNL, 1918 (4.81%) were SCI patients. After matching, worse perioperative outcomes in SCI patients were demonstrated. SCI patients had significantly longer length of stay, higher rates of sepsis, and increased minor and moderate complications (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated an independently increased risk of mortality, minor and major complications, pneumonia, sepsis, and length of stay in SCI patients. PCNL in SCI patients is associated with a high complication rate and longer hospital stay even when controlling for presence of preoperative UTI and medical comorbidities. To our knowledge, this is the first study of outcomes of PCNL in a large population of SCI patients. These patients represent a high risk population and strategies to decrease complications need to be developed and implemented.

It is rather surprising that despite the ease of obtaining a rectal biopsy and considerable experience of this technique which exist in the routine diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in the rectum, it is only over the last two decades that its application in inflammatory lesions of the colon and rectum has become popular.As amoebiasis is very common in Madras, it had become a necessity to exclude it in all cases presenting with bowel disturbances and vague dyspeptic states, particularly if associated with hepatomegaly.Further, amoebiasis coexists or complicates other colonic or rectal lesions. The various methods available for establishing the diagnosis of amoebiasis have been the demonstration of (a) the vegetative form of Entamoeba histolytica in the faeces, or rectal swab, or scrapings from ulcer or aspirated material from suspected sites or in tissues obtained at biopsy; (b) the cystic form of E. histolytica in faeces; (c) the demonstration of rectal and colonic lesions on sigmoidoscopy; (d) the complementfixation test; (e) fluorescent microscopy, and, (f) the clinical impression and response to antiamoebic treatment.Juniper (1962) observed that 18 out of 22 patients in whom ulcers were seen sigmoidoscopically showed diagnostic trophozoites in mucosal biopsy specimens. Doxiades and Yiotsas (1965) observed amoeba by light microscopy not only in the walls of ulcers as noted by others, but also in 37% of rectal and colonic mucosal biopsy material from regions which were apparently normal at sigmoidoscopy. If this could be corroborated we feel that it will be a very useful procedure in establishing a definite diagnosis in such cases of colitis, non-ulcer dyspepsias, hepatomegaly, and pleuro-pulmonary lesions which are sometimes treated as arnoebic in aetiology purely on clinical impressions.'Paper read at the 7th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology held at Bombay during September 1966. MATERIALWe are presenting a preliminary report of the colonic mucosal biopsy in 115 patients, in whom a routine faeces examination, proctosigmoidoscopy, and rectal and colonic mucosal biopsy using a long alligator forceps with sharp cupped blades were done. This procedure was carried out without any prior preparation of the bowel.The material obtained onrectal swabs and bysigmoidoscopy was examined under the microscope as a routine and the findings on sigmoidoscopy were recorded. The biopsy specimens were fixed immediately in formalin and then embedded in paraffin. Subsequently paraffin sections were all stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In those where the presence of E. histolytica was suspected on histopathological examination, further sections were taken and stained with iron haematoxylin.Included in this study are 36 cases of acute amoebic dysentery, 12 of chronic intestinal amoebiasis, nine of hepatic amoebiasis, four of pleuro-pulmonary amoebiasis, one of cutaneous amoebiasis, six of bacillary dysentery, nine of ulcerative colitis, 12 of irritable colon, 16 of tuberculous abdomen, and 10 miscellaneou...

In men 60 years old or older postoperative urinary retention identified those with an increased incidence of bladder outlet procedures within 3 years. Men younger than 60 years had a low rate of subsequent bladder outlet procedures regardless of a postoperative urinary retention diagnosis.