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focused on a packet-based environment for applications like unified messaging, which requires support for network APIs to accomplish converged service functionality. Such converged service offerings by Internet-IN focused service providers are changing the telephony landscape.Next-generation networks need an application hosting environment (AHE) to centrally host the services with the same reliability and scalability as traditional service control points (SCPs). These AHEs will require services that are scalable. Therefore, AHEs impose inherent operations, administration, IntroductionWhile existing intelligent network (IN) product offerings continue to have a role in the circuitswitched networks market, there is an opportunity to develop new products that align with the emerging converged network. These products can leverage increased computing power combined with the capability to distribute service functionality throughout the network. These new products have to be aligned with the emerging protocols in this converged network. Service creation environments (SCE) have to facilitate rapid creation and deployment of new services in these networks. Next-generation

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, the impacts of fuel volatility and reactivity on combustion stability and emissions were studied in a light-duty single-cylinder research engine for a three-injection catalyst heating operation strategy with late post-injections. N-heptane and blends of farnesane/2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane were used to study the impacts of volatility and reactivity. The effect of increased chemical reactivity was also analysed by comparing the baseline #2 diesel operation with a pure blend of mono-ether components (CN <i>&gt;</i> 100) representative of potential high cetane oxygenated bioblendstocks and a 25 vol.% blend of the mono-ether blend and #2 diesel with a cetane number (CN) of 55. At constant reactivity, little to no variation in combustion performance was observed due to differences in volatility, whereas increased reactivity improved combustion stability and efficiency at late injection timings. Fuels with higher reactivity were found to reduce engine-out hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions while also achieving stable combustion at post-injection timings later than those achievable with #2 diesel fuel. The pure ether blend had the latest achievable post-injection timing of +30.5 CAD while still maintaining stable combustion (coefficient of variation of gross-indicated mean effective pressure <i>&lt;</i> 5%). With post-injection timing adjusted to achieve a matched exhaust temperature of 300 °C, the ether-diesel CN 55 blend was observed to have slightly higher thermal efficiency in comparison to the baseline #2 diesel fuel. The results also indicate that cetane number may serve as a good indicator of combustion characteristics at late injection timings used for aftertreatment thermal management operation.</div></div>