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The thermal conductivity of hypo-and hyperstoichiometric UO 2 is calculated as a function of defect concentration and temperature using the direct method in molecular dynamics simulations. Anion defects, the dominant defects in UO 2 , are shown to significantly influence the thermal conductivity. Lattice dynamics calculations show how this reduction arises from changes in the nature of the lattice vibrations, as characterized by the polarization vectors and participation ratios. In addition, 235 U isotopic defects are shown to have a negligible influence on the thermal conductivity.

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Development of a novel method for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose concentration using smartphone is discussed. Our research work has three major contributions to society and science. First, we modified and extended the Beer-Lambert's law in physics to accommodate for multiple wavelengths. This extension can aid researchers who wish to perform optical spectroscopy. Second, we successfully developed a creative and non-invasive way for diabetic patients to measure glucose levels via a smartphone. Researchers and chemists can now use their smartphones to determine the absorbance and, therefore, concentration of a chemical. Third, we created an inexpensive way to perform optical spectroscopy by using a smartphone. Monitoring blood glucose using a smartphone application that simply uses equipment already available on smartphones will improve the lives of diabetic patients who can continuously check their blood glucose levels while avoiding the current inconvenient, unhygienic, and costly invasive glucose meters.