Nature inspired high gain ±45dual polarized Ixora coccinea petal shaped massive multiple input multiple output antenna element is designed and developed with special feeding mechanism operating for 3rd Generation Partnership Project long term evaluation-time division duplexing mode for (2496-2690 MHz) and Sub-6 GHz of 5G Band 42 (3.4-3.6 GHz)/Band 43 (3.6-3.8 GHz) for macro cell communications are explored. Dual slant polarization is achieved by orienting two such petal shaped dipole antennas in ±45 .To validate the proposed antenna, the prototype is manufactured and measured. The antenna provides the bandwidth of 41.26% (2.5 to 3.8 GHz) with S 11 < À15 dB, and port-to-port isolation>40 dB. Simultaneous operation of 4G and 5G with unidirectional stable radiation is achieved with broad-beam width of 73 ± 1.5 in the ±45 planes and gain varies from 10 to 11 dBi over the operating band. Due to its full planar structure the proposed antenna is easy to be fabricated.

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A low-profile slant ±45° polarized antenna for a 4G/5G base station with a dominant path wave propagation model (DPM) is reported in this paper. For dual-polarization and wide impedance bandwidth, the two dipole radiators are crisscrossed and a square metallic ring is integrated with the dipole arms and screwed with the four shorting vias. The antenna operates in Band 40/41/42/43 with strong isolation and low ECC (Envelop Correlation Coefficient). Fabricated antenna results show that the predicted wideband antenna has 13.38% bandwidth in 4G, which is Band 40/41, and 29.33% bandwidth in 5G sub-6 GHz Band 42/43. The antenna has a consistent radiation pattern, a 40 dB XPD (Cross Pol Discrimination), and a beam width of 69.5° ±1.5° in the entire frequency band. Three base station sites were explored to deploy the radiation pattern of a dual-polarized antenna in the 3D EM (Electromagnetic Analysis) tool. To evaluate signal quality, strength, radio network planning, and wave propagation analysis by analyzing antenna performance in real-time scenarios with 64 and 256 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) techniques. For the proposed four-stream MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) antenna arrangement at deployed cell sites for 4G/5G base station applications, the maximum downlink and uplink data rates are 3.826/2.8 Mbps and 1044/800 Mbps respectively.

Summary Cognitive inspired non‐orthogonal multiple access (Cognitive‐NOMA) technique allows multiple primary and secondary users to utilize the same time and frequency resources to explore the reliability and spectral efficient requirements of 5G communication networks. In this paper Cognitive‐NOMA downlink system with multiple secondary source (SS) nodes is proposed. An optimal SS node is selected based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirements of both near and far primary users and the secondary user node. Each optimal SS node incorporates simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and full‐duplex technique to harvest energy and transceiver operation. Analytical outage probability expressions of the proposed system are derived over Nakagami‐m fading environment with the assumption that SS transmission links are correlated. Numerical results infer that the outage performance of the proposed system depends on the number of SS nodes, self‐interference at the SS node, and the SINR constraint for the selection of optimal SS node.

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