Background: Liver is one of the most important human organs and is a sensitive target for chemicals that modulate biotransformation. The present study aimed to develop a polyherbal formulation in the form of both capsules (solid dosage form) and suspensions (liquid dosage form) with the combination of powders of Ricinus communis leaves, Allium sativum cloves, and Piper nigrum seeds and evaluated for hepatoprotective activity. Methods: Three batches of each formulation (CF1, CF2, CF3 for capsules and SF1, SF2, SF3 for suspensions) were developed by varying starch (as binder) concentration for granulation in capsules and by varying concentrations of sodium CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) a thickening agent in suspension formulations. These were initially evaluated for invitro parameters. Then calculated OD (overall desirability) factor for both formulations based on good flow properties and pourable viscosity of capsules and suspensions, respectively. Results: It was found that CF2 and SF1 formulations were selected as the best. Hence, these two formulations were considered for further pharmacological evaluation by ex-vivo studies using rat liver slices with CCl 4 triggered lipid peroxidation assay and reduced glutathione assay, which revealed that the CF2 and SF1 formulations effectively prevented lipid peroxidation and considerably increased the glutathione levels. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the polyherbal formulation in both dosage forms could be used for the hepatoprotective activity to treat liver toxicities for adults (capsules) and for pediatric and geriatric (Suspension) patients.

Brain targeting has always been challenging due to the presence of physiological barriers by Changing the integrity of these barriers, so as to allow the toxic substances, bacteria and viruses into the brain, Which may severely damage the central nervous system .This problem can be reduced by delivering drugs through the intra nasal route, which by passes the blood brain barrier and reaches into the brain. Nasal route is a non-invasive type, widely used for the local treatment as well as used for systemic therapy as drug delivery directly goes in to systemic circulation. Nasal route provides good absorption of small molecules compared to that of large molecules, absorption of small molecules and large molecules can be increased by absorption promoters. Different drug delivery devices are developed for nasal administration like liquids, semi-solid and solid formulation are consider to deliver the drugs to treat most of  the CNS diseases (i.e. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s disease) because it requires specific targeting of drugs to the brain. This review highlighted the challenges, approaches for brain targeting and various drug delivery systems developed with different drugs targeting to brain through nasal administration.