How a kindergarten teacher can make the all of the students grasp the learning materials and remain enthusiastic even though they have varied ability and diverse background, is a classic problem faced by many teachers, including early childhood teachers. It appeared that teachers had problems in adjusting instruction that is able to fulfill the educational need of all pupils with varying abilities. The impact of teacher inability to differentiate instruction was especially for 'less able' students. They did not understand the lesson. A previous study revealed that some of kindergarten teachers use teacherdirected approach and didactic teaching. Early childhood educator expert noted that preschool classes and kindergartens have begun to look more like traditional 1st grade classes: young children are expected to sit quietly while they listen to whole-class instruction. Differentiated instruction is the process of identifying students' individual learning strengths, needs, and interests and adapting lessons to match them. However, in applying differentiated instructions is not as easy as it seems. Therefore, before implementing differentiated instructions, a training need analysis should be conducted to regards teachers' current ability. The purpose of this study was to describe the kindergarten teachers' perspectives of their training needs on differentiated instruction. A kindergarten school which used the Beyond Centre and Circle Time (BCCT) approach was chosen as the venue for this study. A qualitative study with in-depth interview was conducted with early childhood teachers and headmaster as the participants. The data from interview was analysed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that teachers tended to differentiate the activities and teaching aids, however they hardly set different learning goals for varied ability, and rarely structured the lesson in a particular way to accommodate student differences. Teachers tried to vary the method and seating arrangement. Meanwhile, the tasks weren't modified to accommodate students with additional learning needs. The suggestion for future differentiated instruction training will be developed based on teachers' needs.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect of music mnemonic and flash cards in enhancing grade 4 students' English vocabulary acquisition. The participants were 30 students, aged 9-11 years old, who had low capability in second language (English) vocabulary acquisition. The result of the study showed that music mnemonic and flash cards could increase students' vocabulary acquisition, p = 0.001; p < 0.01. Music mnemonic group has the highest score due to the multimodality of the various methods of memorization that impact to the chunking effect on working memory, so that the new information can be more easily to transfer to the long-term memory. Teachers and school should combine several methods in providing appropriate learning based on the students' cognitive development stage.

Quality of Life is the viewpoint or perspective of individuals regarding how good their currently experienced life is. In later adulthood (old age), there are many changes, such as changes in physical and cognitive abilities, and also changes in social roles and emotional conditions, especially on elderly women whose husband or spouse had passed away. This condition can affect the Quality of Life of such individuals. The goal of this research was implementing the Life-Review Intervention, which was reviewing the individuals' experiences since childhood to late adulthood using the recall, reassess, reevaluate, and reintegrate processes to increase the Quality of Life of the participants. The participants in this research were two elderly widows of 54 and 63 years of age, living in East Java, who had been widows for around two years. The research method used was experimental research with single case A-B-A design, with the Quality of Life measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire as the main data, alongside interview and observation as the supportive data. Assessment results showed the participants having the typically negative Quality of Life on physical and psychological aspects while having the typically positive Quality of Life on social and environmental aspects. Interventions results showed that Life-Review Intervention guided individuals to reflect on their life experiences by remembering positive experiences and viewing negative experiences from different perspectives. As the result, the two participants were able to increase their physical and psychological quality, though the social and environmental aspects tended to be stable.

his study aims to determine the relationship between 5 guidance needs, namely educational needs, vocational needs, physic needs, social needs, and psychological needs with shyness among Senior High School adolescents in Makassar. A total of 415 Senior High School adolescent as the subject in this study by using accidental sampling technique. Inventory that used to assess shyness is Ridfah’s shyness inventory and guidance needs inventory to assess guidance needs. The Result showed that shyness have significant relationship with guidance needs and all the areas, which are educational needs, vocational needs, physic needs, psychological needs and social needs. Results revealed that the among the five areas of guidance needs, social needs have the highest correlation value to shyness in individuals with r = -0,448. This study revealed that the need for guidance needs is measured in order to optimize the guidance to be provided.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara responsiveness dan control dari ayah dan ibu dengan school burnout dan sport burnout pada atlet renang SMP dan SMA di Jawa Timur (N=113). Data yang digunakan diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling menggunakan skala pola asuh (Scale of Parenting Styles), school burnout (School Burnout Inventory) dan sport burnout (Atlhlete Burnout Questionnaire). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responsiveness ayah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan negatif dengan school burnout (r= -0.236; p= 0.012) pada atlet renang SMP dan SMA di Jawa Timur.